Cooling Heating

Externally heated/cooled to internally heated/cooled... 

The heat duty on the heating/cooling medium is given by... 

Use heating/cooling medium which does not react with or inhibit reactor contents... 

Limit temperature of heating medium Use split heating/cooling system to eliminate heat transfer to unwetted surface Heat with sparged steam/tempered water Avoid splashing of material onto unwetted heating surface... 

Limit maximum utility temperature by choosing different heating/cooling medium (e.g.. tempered water in atmospheric loop vs. high pressure steam)... 

Select temperature sensors that can be used with multiple heating/cooling media over a wide temperature range without loss of performance... 

Use separate control valves for heating/cooling Use same media for heating/cooling Design for rapid change over of services... 

Manual sampling/ analysis is part of control scheme resulting in a large lag time in determining when to proceed and what to do (heat/cool, etc.). 

Proof Testing A run through the process substituting nonhazardous materials (e.g., water) to check for the adequacy of the equipment e.g., heating/cool-ing load, and to verify procedural steps. 

Batch sheet Sometimes called batch instruction. The operating procedure for making a batch product. Primarily focuses on material quantities, as well as instructions for any mixing, reaction, heating, cooling, diying required for the process... 

Too much heat Cool the seal chamber. See Crystallization. 

Heating/cooling implies the application of heat, or the part is cooled to allow subsequent operations to be performed, for example heat shrinking. 

A) -Naphthoquinone.—For the best results this preparation must be carried out rapidly. The vessels and reagents required should be made ready in advance. The oxidizing solution is prepared by dissolving 240 g. (0.89 mole) of ferric chloride hexahydrate in a mixture of go cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 200 cc. of water with heating, cooling to room temperature by the addition of 200-300 g. of ice, and filtering the solution by suction. 

Batch heating/cooling of fluids external heat exchanger (counter-current flow) non-isothermal cooling medium... 

In the case of a flat sheet, if the heating/cooling is from one side only then the dimension, x, is taken as the full thickness. 

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