Patent federal

The Zond VD - 96 portable eddy-current flaw detector-tester is an original Russian development possessing heightened sensitivity for the surface defects and high inspection capacity. (Russia patent Xs 2063025. All-Union state standard certificate of Russian Federation JVa 2846 of 14. 07. 97)... 

The printed pubHshed document which represents the patent rights granted by the Federal Government can be a complex Hterary work. There are specific and rigid legal requirements for the description, disclosure, and definiteness which support these affirmative rights and enable enforcement of those rights by the inventor or owner of the patent. The basis for this fiiU and complete disclosure of the invention in the patent is clearly articulated in the U.S. Constitution. 

Once the patent appHcation is complete and the inventor has made a formal declaration of inventorship, the appHcation is filed with the U.S. PTO. In the U.S. PTO, the appHcation is the subject of a thorough, formal, and substantive examination by a patent examiner. Once the patent examiner is convinced that the patent appHcation satisfies the statutory requirements provided for under the laws of the United States, the patent appHcation will be allowed to issue as a patent. Issuance takes the form of a pubHcation provided by the U.S. Government. The pubHcation of patents occurs only on Tuesdays that ate not federal hoHdays. At the time of issuance, the patent is assigned a number and made pubHc in a form which allows all interested patties to obtain access to it. 

Code of Federal Regulations, Title 37, Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1985—1995. 

Authority for protection of patents and copyrights is set out in the Constitution and is the exclusive province of the federal government. Eederal legislation to protect trademarks is based on the authority of Congress, under the commerce clause of the Constitution, to regulate interstate and foreign commerce of the United States protection afforded by individual states is based on their power to regulate intrastate commerce. 

Literature Recent additions to the literature on the principles and practice of inhibition include books concerned with the subject as a whole, and reports of conferences and papers, or reports concentrating on particular aspects of the subject. Books include the volume by the late Professor I. L. Rozenfel d and collected data in the form of references, patents etc. from various sources Conferences include the recent quinquennial events at the University of Ferrara S, each providing substantial contributions to all aspects of corrosion inhibition. The uses of molybdates as inhibitors have been reviewed by Vukasovich and Farr in a paper with 221 references and test methods for inhibitors in a report from the European Federation of Corrosion with 49 references . 

The Court of Appeals for the USA Federal Circuit issued (1992) a decision that could strengthen the legal position that so-called pure software could be patented (Arrhythmia Research Technology vs. Corazonix Corp. 22 USPQ2d 103 of CAFC march 12,1992). 

However, adoption of ELNs as a standard tool within corporate research was hampered by both the legal and regulatory requirements of the time. The FDA, the federal courts, and the USPTO were not really aligned to adoption of electronic records for NDA submission or for patent purposes. This was to... 

In 1951, he received the Emil Fischer Medal of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, and in 1957, the Grosse Verdienstkreuz (Grand Service Cross) of the Federal Republic of Germany. The Technische Hochschule in Stuttgart conferred upon him the honorary doctorate of Dr. ing. h.c. The Saxon Academy of Science and the Leopoldina in Halle, East Germany, elected him an honorary member. His scientific work, which found expression in 328 publications and 16 patents, is characterized by originality and a comprehensive command of experimental method. 

I mentioned that the automotive composites consortium is working with NIST, under one of the CRADAs. CRADA once an obscure acronym, has become very popular in Washington, DC. If federal research initiatives are to be fully successful, the results of this research must be transferred to industry, where they can form the basis for new and enhanced products and processes. Traditional mechanisms exist (such as contracts, patent licensing, and the like), but I don t think any of them are quite as powerful as the CRADA... 

A key theme emerging from this chapter is that actions taken during the patenting process can dramatically affect a patent s ability to survive when it is challenged in a Federal Court, the Patent Office, or before the U.S. International Trade Commission. 

Teaching how to make and use an invention, also known as enablement, is a requirement for obtaining a patent. Establishing an invention s usefulness, also known as utility, is a separate requirement for patentability. An application can meet the utility requirement but still fail to demonstrate enablement. During the trial phase, the district court conducted a two-pronged analysis of the application and concluded that the application lacked both utility and enablement. However, on appeal, the Federal Circuit focused only on the utility requirement. 

The courts, however, are not bound by the decision of the Patent Office to issue the patent. In considering whether the application had utility, the Federal Circuit approvingly quoted the district court s determination that the application "did not provide analysis or insight connecting the [summaries of the six references]. .. to galantamine s potential to treat Alzheimer s disease [4]." In conjunction with this analysis, witness testimony given at trial was also considered. For example, the sole inventor testified that "when I submitted this patent, I certainly wasn t sure, and a lot of other people weren t sure, that cholinesterase inhibitors [such as galantamine] would ever work [to treat Alzheimer s disease] [5]." (Emphasis added). 

The Federal Circuit then briefly summarized the utility requirement. To have utility, inventions must have "substantial utility" and "specific benefit existing in currently available form [6]." The utility requirement "prevents mere ideas from being patented" and also "prevents the patenting of a mere research proposal. .. [6]." Quoting a famous Supreme Court patent case, the court emphasized that "a patent is not a hunting license. It is not a reward for search, but compensation for its successful conclusion [7]."... 

Pfizer won at the district court level, but lost on appeal at the Federal Circuit, in part because Claim 6 was not written in proper form [11]. This case presents an excellent example of the "reach through" effect how small actions early on in the patent process can have large consequences in litigation. 

The district court thus concluded that selection of compound (2) as a "lead compound" was "taught away" from by the prior art, and the Federal Circuit agreed. Because, in part, selecting compound (2) as a "lead compound" was "taught away" from, Alphapharm s attempt to invalidate the 777 patent was thwarted. 

Fedulov, V.I. The method of definition of power. Patent of Russian Federation No.2052823, 4, 1996. 

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