Patents purpose

However, adoption of ELNs as a standard tool within corporate research was hampered by both the legal and regulatory requirements of the time. The FDA, the federal courts, and the USPTO were not really aligned to adoption of electronic records for NDA submission or for patent purposes. This was to... 

In this Section, some details of several of those agencies that act as an International Depositary Authority (IDA) for the deposit of biological material for patent purposes according to the Budapest Treaty are considered (a more comprehensive list of some others is given in Table 2). 

Invention for patent purposes consists of the elements of conception and reduction to practice. Conception is often defined as a complete mental realization of the invention. This is too narrow a definition, especially when considering chemical inventions (2). Preparing a new compound having no apparent use would ordinarily constitute conception of the compound. This laboratory preparation obviously goes beyond the mental stage of the invention. 

One of the most common ways of getting around the limitations on claiming a new use of an old substance is to claim a mixture of the substance with a carrier. The mixture is thought of, for patentability purposes, as a pharmaceutical composition which never existed before and as possessing the unexpected properties of the active substance for the particular new use. There is wide variation from country to country as to how broadly mixtures like this can be patented. In Canada, patents are granted on this type of mixture, even if there is nothing special about the carrier. The Canadian courts have not yet ruled directly on the validity of such a claim, and many such patents are producing royalties. 

Markush Structure. Essentially a generic structure, in which a root or parent structure plus Rgroups and their members can represent an entire combinatorial library. Markush structures were developed for patent purposes, and the specification of substituents are often more general than in the case of generic structures or database queries. Markush structures are also used to represent generic reactions, in which the reactants and products are represented by generic structures. 

Committee on Patents and Related Matters Electronic Record-Keeping for Patent Purposes Cautions and RtfaUs, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1990. 

Before starting the discussion on these palladium-based systems, we must note that many patents in this field also mention the use of other metals, especially rhodium and/or ruthenium, in place of palladium. However, under the same conditions, these last two metals appear to give always worst results with respect to palladium and they appear to have been included only for patenting purposes. Often their use is limited to one example and relevant data are not reported on Chemical Abstracts. Thus we will not discuss them here. A discussion of the catalytic systems specifically optimised with these metals is given in appropriate paragraphs. 

The target compound, after successful synthesis and positive test results, becomes the new lead compound. This requires the preparation of a series of derivatives for patent purposes and for the study of structure-activity relationships. In this first step of lead optimisation, structural changes are mostly confined to the periphery of the original molecule. It is important that these derivatives can be prepared along the lines of the original synthetic route and that the required starting materials are readily available, either in-house or commercially. 

It is important for patent purposes that ideas and conceptions of inventions be properly documented. For this reason, ideas must be promptly recorded in the Notebook, at least in outline form. A desirable approach is to ... 

Electronic Record-Keeping for Patent Purposes Cautions and Pitfalls, copyright 1990, is reprinted with the permission of the American Chemical Society (ACS), prepared by the ACS Committee on Patents and Related Matters, and published by the American Chemical Society, Department of Government Relations and Science Policy, 1155 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D C. 20036. 

DOCUMENT 4 ELECTRONIC RECORD-KEEPING FOR PATENT PURPOSES... 

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