Patent rights

The printed pubHshed document which represents the patent rights granted by the Federal Government can be a complex Hterary work. There are specific and rigid legal requirements for the description, disclosure, and definiteness which support these affirmative rights and enable enforcement of those rights by the inventor or owner of the patent. The basis for this fiiU and complete disclosure of the invention in the patent is clearly articulated in the U.S. Constitution. 

Unlike the common practice occurring in other countries, in which award of patent rights is based on the date on which a patent apphcation is filed, in the United States the patent grant is based on the first date of invention. To be an inventor in the United States, an individual must contribute to conception of the invention, and may contribute to reduction of the invention to practice. Although the creation of an advance, development, or apphcation may be conceived by one given individual, it often is the case that the act of invention is the work of many individuals, especially in a commercial context. Accordingly, inventorship questions often arise. 

Under U.S. law, the inventor is defined as the owner of the patent unless the patent rights have been assigned to his or her employer, or some other individual or organization. Designations of assignment are typically filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (U.S. PTO) prior to the issuance of patents, and the name of the assignee is printed on the patent. In most countries outside of the United States, the patentee is the employer, rather than the employed inventor. 

Infringement Searching. An individual or organization found to be infringing the patent rights of others is subject to penalties that can be extremely costiy. It is essential for anyone contemplating a commercial venture that is technology-dependent to find out first whether or not the proposed venture falls within the area covered by adversely held patents. 

M. Fteudenheim, "Big Dmg Companies Brace for Batties on Patent Rights," New York Times, New York, June 8, 1995, p. D2. 

Union Carbide introduced the first commercial polyarylsulfone resin, Udel, in 1966 and later introduced Radel polyarylsulfone. The business and patents rights were acquired by Amoco Corp. in 1986. Other polysulfone products have been marketed by BASF and ICl (Victrex PES) the latter aimounced in 1991 it was withdrawing from the business. 

In spite of many battles over patent rights, these inventions earned Nobel a considerable fortune, which was increased from his large holdings in the Baku (Russia) petroleum industry. He died in 1896 in San Remo, Italy, leaving a vast fortune, a major part of which established the world-famous prizes for chemistry, physics, physiology or medicine, literature of an idealistic tendency, and the promotion of world peace... 

The Weston saturated cadmium cell became the international standard for emf in 1911. Weston waived his patent rights shortly afterward to ensure that anyone was allowed to manufacture it. 

Foreign genes, transcription and translation of, 12 517 Foreign patent rights, enforcement of, 18 190... 

ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. 

Yet, over the years, there have been cases where patent owners have been found to have abused their patent rights in seeking to use the patent asset for more than its limited proper legal purpose. Attempts to extend a patent monopoly to cover unpatented goods, for example, have cast a cloud over the entire system. In today s environment of free enter-... 

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