Paraffins, Hydrocarbon Waxes

An ordinary paraffin hydrocarbon wax has considerable phlegmatizing action, but the molecules of this wax are so lacking in polarity that there is little attraction between them and the polar groups of the cyclonite (RDX), and hence the wax will not displace water from RDX . (without the aid of a surfactant such as Alox 600)... 

Waxes are often used as multifunctional lubricants. These are generally paraffin hydrocarbon wax (melting point 65-75°C) and polyethylene wax (melting point 100-130°C). Being nonpolar, they are very incompatible with PVC, so they are used as external lubricants. Paraffin lubricants are typically used in rigid PVC pipe and profile extrusion applications at additive levels of 0.5-1.5 phr. Partially oxidized polyethylene wax works well as an external lubricant for PVC by delaying fusion... 

Petroleum Waxes. Waxes derived from petroleum are hydrocarbons of three types paraffin [64742-43-4] (clay-treated) sernimicrocrystaUine or intermediate and microcrystalHne [64742-42-3] (clay-treated). SernimicrocrystaUine waxes are not generally marketed as such (7). Others include acid-treated, chemically neutrali2ed, and hydrotreated and paraffin and hydrocarbon waxes, untreated. The quaHty and quantity of the wax separated from the cmde oil depends on the source of the cmde oil and the degree of refining to which it has been subjected prior to wax separation. Petroleum waxes are produced in massive quantities throughout the world. Subject to the wax content in the cmde, paraffin and, to a substantially lesser degree, microcrystalHne wax are produced in almost all countries of the world that refine cmde oil. Production capacity in the United States and imports for the years 1990 to 1995 are Hsted in Table 2. Canada suppHes over 50% of the petroleum wax imported into the United States (3). 

Fluorescein paraffin derivatives, waxes, hydrocarbons [140,141] aliphatic acids [142] hydroquinone and chlorinated derivatives [143] isoprenoids, quinones [111,144] oxathizine fungicides [145] barbiturates, phenothiazines [146]... 

The waxes consist of both cyclic and paraffin hydrocarbons. At similar melting points, the waxes have a much higher molecular weight than paraffin waxes and are less stable. Ceresine waxes have a very delicate crystalline structure, with fine needle or short plate crystals. Properly constituted blends of ceresine and paraffin waxes have a dense microcrystalline structure. 

SDW [Solvent de-waxing] A general term for processes which remove linear paraffinic hydrocarbons from petroleum fractions by solvent extraction... 

The presence of high-molecular-weight compounds such as waxes, polycyclic aromatics, highly branched hydrocarbons, and certain polymeric additives can increase the viscosity of a fuel. These compounds have a high resistance to flow. For example, a residual fuel oil with a viscosity greater than 1,100 cSt 104°F (40°C) may be difficult to pump due to high percentages of asphaltic and paraffinic hydrocarbons. 

A part of the wax portion, which contained a considerable amount of oil in addition to the true wax, was further processed by fractionation by adsorption and by treatment with urea to form adducts of the latter with the n-paraffins. The wax portion was found to contain about 8% of aromatic hydrocarbons, which had been imperfectly separated from the main bulk of the aromatic hydrocarbons occurring in the extract oil portion. Of the remaining 92% of the wax portion, about 39% was determined to be n-paraffins and 53% cycloparaffins, with possibly a relatively small amount of branched paraffins. 

The largest single source of hydrocarbon waxes is from petroleum. These waxes are a byproduct of the gasoline/oil refinement process. Petroleum waxes are divided into two main groups, paraffin waxes and microcrystalline waxes, both of which are hydrocarbons... 

Paraffin, Synthetic, occurs as a white wax that is very hard at room temperature. It is synthesized by the Fischer-Tropsch process from carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which are cata-lytically converted to a mixture of paraffin hydrocarbons the lower-molecular-weight fractions are removed by distillation, and the residue is hydrogenated and further treated by percolation through activated charcoal. It is soluble in hot hydrocarbon solvents. 

SAFETY PROFILE A skin and eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data by implant route. Many paraffin waxes contain carcinogens. Fumes cause lung damage. See also PARAFFIN HYDROCARBONS. 

PAH780 CAS 63449-39-8 HR 3 PARAFFIN WAXES and HYDROCARBON WAXES, CHLORINATED... 

Due to the high concentration of linear n-paraffin hydrocarbons in fnel derived from PE, it is desirable to isomerize them in order to lower the cloud point and the freezing point of the fuel. The branched isomers do not exhibit the same tendency to crystallize as linear paraffins, so that wax crystals do not form nntil lower temperatures are reached. 

A paraffin antifoulant may be employed, if desired, although it is not preferred, and any long-chain, saturated, hydrocarbon wax or oil may be used. 

The pour point provides a means of determining the type of petroleum feedstock from which the mineral oil was manufactured or its previous processing history. It also reflects the presence of wax or paraffinic hydrocarbons. In any application in which the mineral oil is used at low temperatures or the oil is subjected during handling or storage to low temperatures, the pour point is important and, perhaps, even critical. 

Paraffin waxes and hydrocarbon waxes, chloro, chlorosulphonated... 

---