Paper product types

Flexographic Inks. Fluorescent toners such as the Radiant GF, Lawter HVT, and Day-Glo HM and HMS Series toners are used in flexographic ink formulations. These products are soluble in blends of alcohol (80%) and ester solvents (20%) and are compatible with modifying materials such as nitroceUulose resins and acryHc solution polymers. Flexographic inks of this type are used most commonly to print products such as ceUophane and polyethylene film for packaging, and also to print paper products such as gift wrap and price labels. 

The wide range of types of paper products results in a variety of sludges. SoHd wastes result from several sources within the mill, eg, bark, sawdust, dirt, knots, pulpwood rejects, flyash, cinders, slag, and sludges. Sludges often are disposed of in combination with residuals from other sources. Approximately 300 kg of soHd waste per ton of finished product is generated by the pulp and paper industry. 

Chloriaated paraffias and modified types are used as solvents ia carbonless copyiag paper production based on the encapsulation of a solution of reactive dyes. Chloriaated paraffias fiiUfill the technical requirements for a solvent including excellent solvency for the dyes they do not react with the dyes nor encapsulation material, are immiscible with water, and have low volatihty and low odor. 

Another significant end-use for polyamines is in preparation of paper wet-strength resins. These are polyamide, modified formaldehyde, and polyamine resins used to improve the physical strength of tissue, toweling, and packaging paper products. The cationic formaldehyde resins include both urea—formaldehyde and melamine—formaldehyde types (248,249). Cationic functionaHty is imparted by incorporation of DETA, TETA, and/or TEPA in... 

Debris with particularly good absorbent qualities such as wood, some paper products, paper, cloth materials, etc., are go candidates for shredding so that they can be included in the remediation process. Materials that are not porous and are not adsorbent are glass, plastic, metal objects, some types of construction debris, tanks, etc., are good candidates for manual or magnetic separation. 

Glassine is a highly processed paper product with some grease resistant properties. When laminated with a suitable type of wax, it gives excellent protection from both moisture and gas transmission. For this reason it is used in packaging dry cereals. 

The primary sources for the mineral oil contamination in secondary fibre-based packaging materials are the coldset inks from newspapers because offset printing is the dominating printing process for this type of graphic paper product in Europe. Offset coldset inks consist of up to 30% of mineral oil as solvent. In general, offset inks are available which are based on mineral oil-reduced or mineral oil-free... 

The reduction of the mineral oil input during paper production by utilisation of mineral oil-free additives should be the responsibility of each paper manufacturer regardless of the type of the produced paper or board grade. This would be a contribution to keep the recycling loops as much as possible clean. 

Azo dyes are one of the most important types of dyes that are extensively used in textile, leather, food, cosmetics, and paper product industries due to a more economical synthesis, firmness, and greater variety of color compared to natural... 

The main devices used for mosquito protection in households have been mosquito coils, electric mosquito mats, and liquid vaporizers, all of them methods that vaporize insecticides into the air using heating by means of fire or electricity to control the insects. In recent years, new anti-mosquito products have been commercialized such as fan vaporizers, paper strip type emanators, and resin net type emanators which vaporize insecticides without heating. In all of these products pyrethroid insecticides are used as active ingredients because they are superior in what is called knockdown effect, where noxious insects are rapidly paralyzed and cannot bite, and have a high level of safety for humans. 

In addition, whitewaters produce corrosion in the paper machine. The type and amount of organic compounds in whitewater and effluents depend on the raw material, paper-making process, additives used and type of energy supply. On average, paper production generates from 10 to 50 m3 of wastewater per ton... 

Tissue paper products, 13 129-130 Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) bioseparation from mammalian cell culture, 3 821-826 peptide map, 3 841, 842 selling price, 3 817t Tissue reactions, to sutures, 24 218 Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and hemostatic system, 4 89 human, use as thrombolytic agent,... 

Figure 1.3 World-wide distribution of paper and board product types (1992).

The penetration of fluids into paper is also a very important material property for many product types. It is influenced by a number of factors, not least of which is the sheet structure and porosity. In... 

Dioxins are a particular group of chlorinated organic molecules which have been associated with pulp and paper production and are a concern because of their extreme toxicity. There are two groups of molecular types which fall into the general category referred to as dioxins. These are the polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and the polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The structures of these molecules are shown in Figure 10.4. 

Suitably protected amino acids (112) (cysteine, serine, and lysine) have been added via the side-chain heteroatom (S, O, and N, respectively) to conjugated alkynones, alkynoic ester and alkynoic amide (113). The expected heterosubstituted vinyl product (114) was formed in each case, mainly as the ii-isomer. In an accompanying paper, this type of addition was applied to the derivatives of fluorescein, 7-hydroxycoumarin, Sudan 1, and dansyl chloride with linker arms containing a conjugated terminal alkyne. 

Industrial surfactants find uses in almost every industry, from asphalt manufacturing to carpet fibers, from pulp and paper production to leather processing. Examples of the types of chemicals used as surfactants are fatty alcohol sulfates, alkanolamides, alkoxylates, sulfosuccinates, amines, quaternaries, phosphate esters, acid esters, blockcopolymers, betaines, imidazolines, alkyl sulfonates, etc. 

During the past several years, the market has seen new and improved facial tissue products that are softer than the standard facial tissue or contain lotion to soothe sore noses and the surrounding skin. Constant wiping with a facial tissue can irritate the skin, so a product containing emollients is likely to reduce irritation. Petrolatum can be used as an inexpensive yet effective emollient in various types of tissue paper products.100 In another example, petrolatum was employed as a skin conditioning agent in an antiviral and antibacterial lotion that can be applied to either facial tissue101 102 or toilet tissue.101... 

Closely associated with cellulose in the wood structure and paper products are other polysaccharides called hemicelluloses, which often have been labeled as the matrix material of wood. In hardwoods the primary hemi-cellulose is a xylan (polymer of xylose), whereas in softwoods the primary hemi-cellulose is a glucomannan, although both of these polysaccharides occur to some extent in both types of wood. The DP of the hemicelluloses is much less than that of cellulose, in the range of 100-200. 

This reading simply explains the importance of chemistry in our lives. You can see chemistry in every part of our life. For example, while preparing this textbook we used pencils, pens and papers. To type it, computers were used and printers to print its pages with different inks (paints) paper and printing machines were also utilized. All materials and machines used in the printing of this book are also the products of chemicals. In other words, they are produced with the help of different elements or/and compounds. All these are the subjects of chemistry. Yet another example, what if you were to become ill, how would your ailment be diagnozed ... 

Fire may be defined as the interaction between fuel, energy, and environment. The type and magnitude of any fire that either develops into a destructive force or into a useful tool depends on the supply of fuel. Mass fires in natural environments, urban surroundings, farmland, and many industrial and miscellaneous installations mainly involve natural fuels that are cellulosic substances, such as wooden structures and objects, trees, dried vegetation, textiles, furniture, boards, paper, and paper products. 

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