Paper and allied products

Paper and allied products Paper manufacture, conversion of paper and paperboard, manufacture of paperboard boxes and containers Paper and fiber residues, chemicals, paper coatings and filters, inks, glues, fasteners... 

The paper and allied products industry comprises three types of facilities pulp mills that process raw wood fiber or processed fiber to make pulp paper and board mills that manufacture paper or board and converting facilities that use these primary materials to manufacture more specialized products such as writing paper, napkins, and other tissue products. The process of converting paper is not a source of water or air pollution, as is the case for the first two facilities. This chapter focuses primarily on the greatest areas of environmental concern within the pulp and paper industry those from pulping processes. 

A bleached kraft pulp mill requires 15,140 to 45,420 L (4000 to 12,000 gal) of water and 8.56 to 12.22 million chu (14 to 20 million Btu) of energy per ton of pulp, of which ca. 4.44 to 5.56 million chu (8 to 10 million Btu) are typically derived from biomass-derived fuel from the pulping process itself.4 Across all facilities, the pulp, paper, and allied products industry is the largest consumer of process water and the third largest consumer of energy (after the chemicals and metals industries).5,6 The large amounts of water and energy used, as well as the chemical inputs, lead to a variety of environmental concerns. 

THE TERM PULP is used to describe theraw material for the production of paper and allied products such as paper-board, fiberboard, and dissolving pulp for the subsequent manufacture of rayon, cellulose acetate, and other cellulose products. More specifically, pulp is wood or other biomass material that has undergone some degree of chemical or mechanical action to free the fibers either individually or as fiber bundles from an enbodying matrix. Paper,... 

Pulp and paper refers to the processes employed to convert wood fiber into paper and allied products used in such applications as communications, packaging, and construction. Pulp and paper technologies or processes capitalize upon the anatomical, physical, and chemical properties of wood and, to a much lesser extent, other sources of biomass. The application of those technologies or processes has led to the development of a highly capital intensive industry with worldwide sales on the order of 100 billion per year. 

In 1993 the US Department of Commerce estimated the impact of particle science and technology to industrial output to be one trillion dollars annually in the United States. One third of this was in chemicals and allied products, another third was in textiles, paper and allied products and the final third was in food and beverages, metals, minerals and coal. 

In 1991j timber-related secondary products manufacturing industries added an estimated 40,128 million of value to primary timber products (Table 11). Most of the timber-related value added (63%) originated in the paper and allied products industry. The lumber and wood products industry added nearly 37% of total timber-related value added. Less than 1% was from chemicals and aUied products. 

Principal Group 24 (Lumber and wood products) Principal Group 26 (Paper and allied products) Principal Group 28 (Chemicals and allied products) Total... 

Table 4.7 illustrates this point for CPI in the industrial and chemicals sector [27A]. The first column of Table 4.7 shows the sales of nine industries buying the largest amounts (in dollar value) from industry [27A]. Also shown is the amount sold to final demand. Note that the largest industry buyer is industry [27A] itself. The next seven largest buyers, all in the CPI, are plastics and synthetic materials [28], agricultural fertilizers and chemicals [27B], cleaning and toilet preparations [29B], petroleum refining and related industries [31], paints and allied products [30], and paper and allied products except... 

For example, to produce 1 output, the plastics and synthetic materials industry 28 requires input from 58 industries. It requires the most input from industrial and other chemicals (33.2 cents), paper and allied products (1.1 cents), and wholesale and retail trade (4.3 cents). Table 4.11 lists the five largest suppliers of sectors 8,9-1- 10, 24, 27A, and 28, as well as 29A and 29B, in terms of dollar of direct input per total dollar output. 

Paper and allied products, except containers Paperboard containers and boxes Newspapers and periodicals Other printing and publishing Industrial and other chemicals Agri- cultural fertilizers and chemicals Plastics and synthetic materials E 3 C. 5- "8 E... 

Tobacco products Broad and narrow fabrics, yarn and thread mills Miscellaneous textile goods and floor coverings Apparel Miscel- laneous fabricated textile products Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Paper and allied products, except containers Paper-board containers and boxes... 

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