Packaging biobased

Hemicelluloses, specifically unmodified and enzymatically debranched rye arabi-noxylans, were also studied for the preparation of optically transparent composite films reinforced with BC for potential application as food packaging biobased films [123]. The nanocomposites were prepared by mixing a BC dispersion with the arabinoxylan solution in different proportions followed by solvent casting. The reinforcement with BC decreased the moisture sorption and increased the stiffness and strength of the films. 

WEBER, c. J., HAUGAARD, R., FESTERSEN R. and BERTELSEN G. Prodnction and applications of biobased packaging materials for the food indnstry . Food Additives and Contaminants 2002 19 172-177. 

C. J. Weber, Biobased Packaging Materials for the Food Industry, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University. (2000). Available http //www.mh.kvl.dk/foodchem/special/ biopack/. 

Biobased materials, which are diverse in nature, chemistry, and properties, expand the possibilities to tailor-made films for packaging in the food industry. Biobased materials used in the production of hlms are shown in Figure 1(1). 

The packaging industry has been constantly looking to replace glass with polymeric materials and has recently focused on biobased polymers. However, for very delicate food products such as beer or coffee, there is a challenge to keep the freshness of the food that is related to the lowest increase of oxygen into the pack. Salame et al [207] presented the Table 8.6 and proposed a relationship that will allow a rough estimation of the shelf life t ... 

Low cost biofibers such as jute, sisal, hemp, flax, ramie, banana, coir, etc., have received considerable attention in the recent years. These materials have successfully replaced the synthetic fibers glass in particular and other mineral fillers for fabrication of biobased composites used for engineering applications in various sectors such as aerospace, automobile, electronics, packaging, construction, etc. 

Violette Ducruet is a Senior Scientist at the National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), in Massy, France. In 1981, she earned her PhD in Food Science. Since 1991, she works on mass transfer between food and petrochemical packaging material implying food safety and sensorial impacts. She is involved in the characterization of the structure/barrier properties relationship of biobased polymers. 

The basic class definitions and other infrastructure are provided in the Biobase package. The base class is the eSet and it has places to store assay data, phenotypic information, and data about the features that were measured and about the experiment that was performed to collect these data. This basic class can then be extended in many different ways, specializing in some of the inputs, and in some cases adding new slots that are relevant to a specific type of experiment. The eSet class has been extended to support expression data, SNP data, and genomic annotation. For expression data the ExpressionSet class has been defined, and it too is quite general. The class can be used for any sort of expression (and is in no way restricted to microarray experiments for mRNA expression, although that is where it is used most). Similar data structures have been used for representing data from experiments in protein mass spectrometry and flow cytometry. 

In this section we will discuss a number of the major or emerging biobased plastics that have applications in packaging. 

PLA is known both as poly(lactic acid) and as polylactide. It is currently the most used packaging plastic that is both biodegradable and biobased. PLA is a member of the polyester family, and is chemically synthesized from lactic acid that is derived from starch by fermentation. PLA has the following structure ... 

There is also interest in other sources of natural polymers that are both biobased and biodegradable. Starting materials include chitin, chitosan, casein, hemicellu-lose, and others. None of these materials have yet reached the point of commercial applications as packaging materials. 

Biodegradable plastics based on lactic acid have been available on a small scale for many years. They have been used In applications such as medical implants, but their high price was a deterrent to widespread use in lower value applications such as packaging. However, new technologies for production of lactide monomers greatly lowered costs, making the polymers much more competitive. Generally, the lactic acid is obtained from corn or other biobased materials by a fermentation process, and then chemical synthesis is used to produce the polymer from the lactic acid or lactide monomers. 

The foUowtng sections present short summaries on results for the product groups of packaging, building products, and lubricants, the latter being a large market for biobased products since several years as well. 

Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, from 1990-1992. His research interests fall in the areas of delivery systems from naturally occurring polymers for the controlled release of bioactive substances, functional composites from biomass or biobased materials, smart packaging technology and material, and biomedical devices for tissue regeneration, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. 

Among all biobased biodegradable polymers studied, PLA is the polymer with the highest potential for commercial major scale production of renewable packaging materials by the use of conventional chemical... 

Biobased polyols with high functionality have been synthesized by ring-opening epoxidized sucrose esters of soybean oil with methanol under acidic conditions, and were subsequently formulated with blocked isocyanates to form one package PUs (16). Biobased PU coatings were prepared by formulating the polyols with blocked polyisocyanates based on isophorone diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). 

The recent developments in the field of renewable fibers and biobased materials for packaging applications have been extensively reviewed (24). 

Bastioli C., Global status of the production of biobased packaging materials, Starch/Starke, 53, 2001, 351-355. 

Van Tuil R, Fowler P, Lawther M, Weber CJ. Properties of biobased packaging materials. In Weber CJ, editor. Biobased Packaging Materials for the Food Industry Status and Perspectives. Frederiksberg KVL 2000. p 136. 

The best-known renewable resources able to create biopolymer and biodegradable plastics are starch and cellulose [10,12]. Weber et at believed that the only biobased food packaging materials in use commercially on a major scale are based on cellulose [13]. 

C.J. Weber, V. Haugaard, R. Festersen, and G. Bertelsen. Production and applications of biobased packaging materials for the food industry. Food Addit. Contam. 19 (4 Suppl.), 172 - 177 (2002). 

C. Johansson, J. Bras, I. Mondragon, P. Nechita, D. Plackett, P. Simon, D.G. Svetec, S. Virtanen, M.G. Baschetti, C. Breen, F. Clegg, and S. Aucejo, Renewable fibers and biobased materials for packaging applications-a review of recent developments. Bioresource 7(2), 2506-2552, 2012. 

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