Pacific Ocean Basin

Kurtz, D.A., Atlas, E.L., 1990. Distribution of hexachlorocyclohexanes in the Pacific Ocean basin, air, water, 1987. In Kurtz, D.A. (Ed.), Long Range Transport of Pesticides. Lewis Publishers, MI, pp. 143-160. 

Figure 10.23. Dolomite content of deep-sea sediments for the past 150 million years. The dashed lines exhibit the general trends of decreasing dolomite content with decreasing sediment age for the Adantic and Indo-Pacific ocean basins, as well as that for all analyzed ocean sediments. (After Lumsden, 1985.)...

Davies, T.A., 1985. Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentation in the Pacific Ocean Basin. In Naim, A.E.M., Stehli, RG. and Uyeda, S. (eds). The ocean basins and margins 7A The Pacific Ocean. Plenum Press, NY, pp. 65-88. 

Figure 3 Mean annual NOs concentration (nmol 1 ) at the sea surface for samples collected in the Pacific Ocean basin and Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. (From Conkright et al. 1998.)...

G. Arrhenius paper on 23 E Pacific Ocean basin cores... 

Sediment distribution of surficial materials, North Pacific Ocean basin. (After Keller, G.H., Shear strength and other physical properties of sediments from some ocean basins. Proceedings of the Conference on Civil Engineering in the Oceans, ASCE Press, San Francisco, CA, 319-417,1968. Reprinted with permission of ASCE.)... 

A schematic distribution of wet unit weight of surficial sediments in the North Atlantic Ocean basin is presented in Figure 8.5 and the North Pacific Ocean basin in Figure 8.6. 

P Pelagic sediments from the Pacific Ocean basin, HCl soluble lead... 

Pacific Ocean basin Abyssal basalts (Fig. 18-20) Hawaiian volcanics (Fig. 18 — 20)... 

In the Mesozoic and Cenozoic the magnetic anomalies of the Atlantic and Indian Ocean ocean floor are the prime source of how the continents should be reassembled. As one goes back to the Triassic, the Pacific Ocean Basin increases in size, but globally the area with known magnetic anomalies on it becomes smaller. Anything... 

The area, volume and average depth of the ocean basins and some marginal seas are given in Table 10-1. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and contains more than one-half of the Earth s water. It also receives the least river water per area of the major oceans (Table 10-2). Paradoxically it is also the least salty (Table 10-3). The land area of the entire Earth is strongly skewed toward the northern hemisphere. 

Fig. 3.3. Marginal basins around the Pacific Ocean. Solid areas show marginal basins, and blocked lines show trenches. E East, N North, S South. W West (Tamaki and Honza, 1991).

In the Pacific Ocean, most of the waters at 2500 m have a prefiormed phosphate concentration intermediate between NADW and AABW. Because preformed phosphate is a conservative tracer, it can be used to estimate the proportions of NADW and AABW present in the deep zones of the ocean basins. The average deep-water preformed phosphate concentration is 1.4 (jlM. This concentration would result from an equal-volume admixture of NADW and AABW. This conservative mixing estimate is based on the assumption that the preformed phosphate concentrations of the end-member water masses have remained constant over time scales at least as long as the mixing time of the ocean. 

The model provided in Figure 20.1 is for an ocean basin whose abyssal plains all lie below the CCD. This most closely resembles the conditions in the North Pacific, whereas the rest of the ocean basins have a significant portion of their abyssal plains lying above the CCD, and, hence, contain some calcareous oozes. From a global perspective, calcareous oozes are more abundant than siliceous oozes. This is caused by two phenomena (1) all seawater is undersaturated with respect to opal, whereas all surface waters and 20% of the deep waters are saturated with respect to calcite, and (2) siliceous plankton are dominant only in upwelling areas. 

Delaygue et al. (2000) have modeled the present day 0 distribution in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean and its relationship with salinity (see Fig. 3.19). A good agreement is found between observed and simulated 5 0-values using an oceanic circulation model. As shown in Fig. 3.19 the Atlantic Ocean is enriched by more than 0.5%c relative to the Pacific Ocean, but both ocean basins show the same general patterns with high 0-values in the subtropics and lower values at high latitudes. 

Interestingly, the vertical distribution of photochemical oxidant may not be such that it falls off rapidly at the inversion layer. In fact, in a classic series of experiments, Edinger and co-workers (1972, 1973) showed that oxidant concentrations in the Los Angeles air basin could be higher within the inversion layer than at ground level. Thus, Fig. 2.19, for example, shows one temperature and oxidant profile for June 20, 1970, over Santa Monica, California, a city adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. Several layers of oxidant (mainly O-,) exist... 

Consideration of the impact of low-frequency fluctuations of climate on Caspian Sea level showed that the long-term variability of the level is connected mainly with SST anomalies in the eastern part of the tropical Pacific Ocean. It turns out that positive SST anomalies correlate with the growing rain rate in the Volga River watershed basin and vice versa. The main reason for variations in Caspian Sea level is the long-term dynamics of El Nino events, which should be considered as chaotic. 

MPT Model for Pollution Transport through water exchange between the Arctic Basin and the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. 

The hurricane season in 2003 was extremely active in the basin of the Atlantic Ocean with sixteen tropical storms, seven hurricanes, and three super-hurricanes. Five of these tropical cyclones led to landslides in the northeast of Mexico. In 2003, destructive hurricanes devastated New Scotland and Bermuda. The formation of five tropical storms in the Gulf of Mexico turned out to be a specific feature of a region in the Atlantic Ocean. Three tropical storms formed outside the usual time interval (June-November), one formed in April, and two in December. In the eastern sector of the Pacific Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere, the activity of storm formation was below usual (there were no large-scale storms here at all). 

Zhang, J. and Nozaki, Y. (1996) Rare earth elements and yttrium in seawater ICP-MS determinations in the East Caroline, Coral Sea, and South Fiji Basins of the Western South Pacific Ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 4631 1644. 

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