Oceanic circulation model

Delaygue et al. (2000) have modeled the present day 0 distribution in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean and its relationship with salinity (see Fig. 3.19). A good agreement is found between observed and simulated 5 0-values using an oceanic circulation model. As shown in Fig. 3.19 the Atlantic Ocean is enriched by more than 0.5%c relative to the Pacific Ocean, but both ocean basins show the same general patterns with high 0-values in the subtropics and lower values at high latitudes. 

The flux of He from intraplate volcanic systems is dominantly subaerial and so it is not possible to obtain directly time-integrated flux values for even a short geological period. While the Loihi hotspot in the Pacific is submarine, calculation of He fluxes into the ocean using ocean circulation models have not required a large flux from this location that is comparable to the He plumes seen over ridges (Gamo et al., 1987 Farley et al., 1995), although recent data has seen an extensive He plume from Loihi (Lupton, 1996). 

Gent P. R. and McWilliams J. C. (1990) Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 20, 150-155. 

Mackensen A., Hubberten H.-W., Bickert T., Fischer G., and Fiitterer D. K. (1993) The S C in benthic foraminiferal tests of Fontbotia wuellerstorfi (Schwager) relative to the S C of dissolved inorganic carbon in southern ocean deep water implications for glacial ocean circulation models. Paleoceanography 8, 587-610. 

Blumberg, A. F, Mellor, G. L., 1987. A description of a three-dimensional coastal ocean circulation model. In Heaps N. S. (Ed.), Three-Dimensional Coastal Ocean Models. American Geophysical Union,Washington, DC, pp.1-16. 

Haidvogel, D. B., Beckmann, A., 1999. Numerical Ocean Circulation Modelling. Series on Environmental Science and Management. Vol. 2. Imperial College Press, London,320 pp. 

Stevens, D. P., 1990. On open boundary conditions for three dimensional primitive equation ocean circulation models. Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid, Dynamics, 51, 103-133. 

Refinement of methodologies for the prediction of oil spills movement, including oil dispersion model and ocean circulation models. This is a crucial aspect in case of accidents, but also in case of deliberate spilling close to the coastline. 

Here 50, denotes the observed deviation of the atmospheric O, concentration from a standard. The atmospheric tracer APO is dominated primarily by oceanic gas exchanges in addition to a relatively small contribution from fossil fuel not accounted for by the terrestrial stoichiometric factor (i.e., the fossil fuel component scaled by the factor Observations of the seasonal variation of APO in conjuction with surface-water oxy gen measurements have been used to constrain the large-scale magnitude of the air-sea gas exchange coefficient (Keeling et al, 1998) and of marine productivity (Six and Maier-Reimer, 1996 Balkan.ski et al, 1999). Mean annual gradients of APO have also been shown to provide powerful constraints on biogeochemical air-sea fluxes computed by ocean-circulation models with an embedded ocean carbon cycle (Stephens et al, 1998). 

Since these estimates of He fluxes in the mid-1970s, little work has been done that would have resulted in significant refinements of these fluxes. Simulations of the mantle helium distribution using a global general ocean circulation model (Farley et al. 1995) used a simple parameterization of the He flux from mid-ocean ridges and determined the... 

Finally, it is gratifying to see that the cosmogenic radiotracer field has evolved highly from an academic curiosity in the 1950s and 1960s to its present-day form, wherein it aims to become an integral part of realistic atmosphere-ocean global atmosphere and ocean circulation models. 

Figure 13 (Right) Global ocean circulation model results from 12 different coarse-resolution models participating in OCMIP-2 compared to WOCE data for natural A C on a meridional Pacific section. The model groups are identified in each subpanel and in Table 1 All of the models used the same chemistry and boundary conditions.

Radiocarbon has been used to study thermocline ventilation using tools ranging from simple 3-box models to full 3D ocean circulation models. Many of the ID and 2D models are based on work by W. Jenkins using tritium in the North Atlantic. In a recent example, R. Sonnerup and co-workers at the University of Washington used chlorofluorocarbon data to calibrate a ID (meridional) along-isopycnal advection-diffusion model in the North Pacific with WOCE data. [4] is the basic equation for the... 

Problems in other parts of the geosciences are very similar. In particular the problem of assimilating observations into weather forecasting [39] and ocean circulation models [160] are conceptually close to the oil reservoir forecasting problem. Indeed, there is probably much to be learned by cross-fertilisation between these different fields of geoscience. 

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