Distribution sediments

Hall IR, Schmidt S, McCave IN, Reyss J-L (2000) Suspended sediment distribution and Th-234/U-238 disequilibrium along the Northern Iberian Margin implication for particulate organic carbon export. Deep-Sea Res 147 557-582... 

McIntosh A.W., Shephard B.K., Mayes R.A., Atchison G.J., Nelson D.W. Some aspects of sediment distribution and macrophyte cycling of heavy metals in a contaminated lake. JEnvironQual 1978 7 301-305. 

Note the difference between K, the Mark-Houwink constant, and k defined in Equation 12. The differential sedimentation distribution can be transformed to the differential molecular weight distribution by taking the derivative of Equation 11 with respect to s, to get... 

Figure 5. A plot of G(s), the integral sedimentation distribution pattern with s shown in svedbergs.

Wave action, currents, and gravity processes define the particular features of the redistribution of the bottom sediments, their zonation, and the existence of coarse-grained matter in the near-shore zone subjected to wave action, and of the fine-grained fraction beyond this zone at greater depths. Unusual features in the bottom sediment distribution may be caused by the activity of turbidity flows and landslide processes, which distort the general regularities of the lithological zonation. 

Analyzing the particular features of the sediment distribution in the nearshore zone and on the floor of the Black Sea, one should note the extremely high sedimentation rates, reaching 20 cm in 100 years. 

Drastic changes in river water and sediment distribution between delta branches in the Danube and Rioni deltas took place after the artificial canalization, deepening and straightening of some channels. 

Figure i. World estimates organic sediments distribution... 

Figure 5. Cave sediment distribution within the study area. The ovals represent idealized cross-sections of infilled phreatic tubes.

L. Ciaralli, R. Giordano, G. Lombardi, E. Beccaloni, A. Sepe, S. Costantini, Antarctic marine sediments distribution of elements and textural characters, Microchem. J., 59 (1998), 77-88. 

Mackay Level 1 modeling was used to estimate the distribution of 2-butoxyethanol in various environmental compartments (air, soil, water, biota, suspended solids, sediment) (Staples 1997). The model uses physical properties (aqueous solubility, vapor pressure, soil and sediment distribution coefficient, biota concentration factor) and the assumption that environmental compartments are approximately proportional in size to the natural environment. The model calculates the general distribution of 2-butoxyethanol following the release of 100 moles. The model estimated that at equilibrium about 96% of the 2-butoxyethanol would be found in water, with <0.1%, 2%, <0.1%, <0.1%, and 2% found in air, soil, biota, suspended solids, and sediment, respectively. 

In aquatic systems, most of the Pu 1s associated with sediment. Distribution coefficients are approximately 100,000. Amerlcum, curium, and neptunium are probably more soluble than plutonium in aquatic environments. Sediment is the major source of actinide elements ingested by aquatic biota. 

There are many equations which allow calculation of sediment transport rate within a water body, or sediment flux (see for example Task Committee of Computational Modeling of Sediment Transport Processes, 2004 for a review). However, these equations tend to be for a uniform sediment distribution, which is far from the variable source supply of material seen in events when the majority of sediment is moving. It is also generally considered that a particular flow has a maximum capacity to transport sediment, although the concentration this relates to depends again on sediment characteristics. Hence tliere are examples in China where sediment concentrations can reach several tens of thousands of parts per million for very fine particles, whereas a flow may become saturated with sand-sized particles at far lower concentrations. Rivers are often considered to be either capacity- or supply-limited in terms of their sediment transporting dynamics. However, in practice for most rivers, most of the time, sediment transport is limited by a complex and dynamic pattern of sediment supply. 

Krank, K. (1976). Tidal current control of sediment distribution in Northumberland Strait, Maritime Provinces. J. Sediment. Petrol. 42, 596-601. 

Sediment distributions of Hunt (1972), Table 11-3, assuming 3% of evaporites. s Hosier and Kaplan (1966). 

The overall distribution pattern of sediment types in the world s oceans depends on few elementary factors. The most important factor is the relative amount with which one particle species contributes to sediment formation. Particle preservation and eventual dilution with other sediment components will modify the basic pattern. The formation and dispersal of terrigenous constituents derived from weathering processes on the continents, as well as autochthonous oceanic-biogenic constituents, both strongly depend on the prevalent climate conditions, so that, in the oceans, a latitude-dependent and climate-related global pattern of sediment distribution will be the ultimate result. 

According to Emery (1968), the sediment distribution on recent shelves displays a plain and distinctly zonal pattern (Fig. 1.12) ... 

Straub, S.M. and Schmincke, H.U., 1998. Evaluating the tephra input into Pacific Ocean sediments distribution in space and time. Geologische Rundschau, 87 461-476. 

Nemoto, K. and Kroenke, L.W., 1981. Marine geology of the Hess Rise 1. Bathymetry, surface sediment distribution and environment of deposition. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86 10734-10752. 

---