Oxides ammonia-nitric

CCls CHO. A colourless oily liquid with a pungent odour b.p. 98°C. Manut actured by the action of chlorine on ethanol it is also made by the chlorination of ethanal. When allowed to stand, it changes slowly to a white solid. Addition compounds are formed with water see chloral hydrate), ammonia, sodium hydrogen sulphite, alcohols, and some amines and amides. Oxidized by nitric acid to tri-chloroethanoic acid. Decomposed by alkalis to chloroform and a methanoate a convenient method of obtaining pure CHCI3. It is used for the manufacture of DDT. It is also used as a hypnotic. 

Hydrazine Alkali metals, ammonia, chlorine, chromates and dichromates, copper salts, fluorine, hydrogen peroxide, metallic oxides, nickel, nitric acid, liquid oxygen, zinc diethyl... 

Acidic Properties. As a typical acid, it reacts readily with alkaUes, basic oxides, and carbonates to form salts. The largest iadustrial appHcation of nitric acid is the reaction with ammonia to produce ammonium nitrate. However, because of its oxidising nature, nitric acid does not always behave as a typical acid. Bases having metallic radicals ia a reduced state (eg, ferrous and staimous hydroxide becoming ferric and stannic salts) are oxidized by nitric acid. Except for magnesium and manganese ia very dilute acid, nitric acid does not Hberate hydrogen upon reaction with metals. 

Nitric acid is commercially produced hy oxidizing ammonia with air over a platinum-rhodium wire gauze. The following sequence represents the reactions occurring over the heterogeneous catalyst ... 

C. Sigal, and C.G. Vayenas, Ammonia Oxidation to Nitric Oxide in a Solid Electrolyte Fuel Cell, Solid State Ionics 5, 567-570 (1981). 

Groenestein CM, Van Fassen HG. Volatilisation of ammonia, nitrous oxide and nitric oxide in deep-litter systems for fattening pigs. Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Research. 1996 65 269-274. 

A plant is producing nitric acid by oxidizing ammonia with air. The gases leaving the oxidation unit are cooled to condense out essentially... 

Nitrites Nitrobenzene Nitroethane Nitrogen trichloride Organic nitrites in contact with ammonium salts, cyanides Nitric acid, nitrous oxide, silver perchlorate Hydroxides, hydrocarbons, metal oxides Ammonia, As, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, organic matter, ozone, phosphine, phosphorus, KCN, KOH, Se, dibutyl ether... 

Karl Bosch (1874-1940) and Alwin Mittasch (1869-1953) of Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik eliminated the nitrate shortage that occurred after the British sea blockade effectively cut off the nitrate supply from Chile. By May of 1915, they had successfully developed at their Oppau Plant an industrial-scale process for oxidizing ammonia. Their process converted the large quantities of synthetic ammonia produced by the Haber process to nitric acid and other nitrates that were essential for fertilizers and explosives. (10)... 

Dimethylacetamide, 2104 f Ethylene oxide, Glycerol, 0829 f Ethylene oxide, Ammonia, 0829 f Formaldehyde, Phenol, 0416 Nitric acid, Formic acid, Urea, 4436 Nitric acid, Nitrobenzene, Sulfuric acid, 4436 Nitric acid, 1-Nitronaphthalene, Sulfuric acid, 4436 Sodium molybdate, 4713... 

Nicotinic acid Nicotinic acid, pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (20.2.9) is synthesized industrially by heating a paraldehyde trimer of acetaldehyde, under pressure with ammonia, which leads to the formation of 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine, followed by oxidation with nitric acid which gives the desired product [22-25]. 

Although a nonflammable gas, it reacts explosively with many substances, including organics, metals, metal sulfides, sulfur, phosphorus, nitric oxide, ammonia, carbon disulfide, metal hydrides, and charcoal. It is a severe irritant to the eyes, nose, skin, and respiratory tract. Inhalation of the gas at 100 ppm can be fatal to humans. 

Nitrogen dioxide may be prepared by several methods. It is produced when an electric discharge is passed through air. It is made commercially from nitric oxide and air. Nitric oxide made by various processes (See Nitric Oxide) rapidly oxidizes to nitrogen dioxide. It is formed by decomposing nitric acid or by oxidizing ammonia with air ... 

The catalytic oxidation of ammonia by air over platinum gauze at 900 °C gives nitric oxide (reaction 9.12), which is then oxidized to nitric acid by air and liquid water in a nitrous gas absorber (reactions 9.13 and 9.14) ... 

Ammonium nitrate mixed with litharge expels ammonia from the solid salt at ordinary temp. T. J. Pelouze found that when ammonium nitrate is treated with a little sulphuric acid, ammonium sulphate and nitric acid are formed the same result obtains with the dried salt in fifty times itB weight of sulphuric acid provided the temp, is below 120° but at 150°, nitrous oxide mixed with a little nitric oxide and nitric acid vapour is evolved, and sulphuric acid and water remain. If the salt be mixed with ten times its weight of sulphuric acid, about 75 per cent, of the. salt forms nitric acid and ammonium sulphate, and 25 per cent, forms nitrous... 

Preparation of Nitric Acid by Oxidizing Ammonia. Assemble an apparatus as shown in Fig. 90. Pour a 2% ammonia solution into flask 1. Put a loose layer of freshly roasted platinized asbestos into the middle of tube 2 over a length of 4-5 cm. Pour a neutral litmus solution or several drops of methyl red into flask 3 and connect the short tube of this flask to water-jet pump 4. Heat the platinized asbestos slightly with the flame of a gas burner and pass through it... 

In the first step of the Ostwald process for the synthesis of nitric acid, ammonia is oxidized to nitric oxide by the reaction... 

E. Divers prepared the basic salt cupric hydroxy hyponitrite, Cu2(0H)2N202, according to A. Thum. This salt was also made by S. S. Kolotoff, A. Thum, and A. Kirsehner. It is obtained by adding sodium hyponitrite to a soln. of a cupric salt. The acid liquor so obtained deposits more salt when neutralized. A small quantity of this salt is precipitated when an excess of cupric sulphate is added to a soln. of hydroxylamine sulphate, and then a little ammonia. The sea-green salt is very stable it gives water, a mixture of cupric and cuprous oxides, and nitric and nitrous oxides when heated. The salt can be boiled with water without losing its colour, but it is decomposed by a soln. of sodium hydroxide. It is soluble in dil, acids and aq. ammonia. E, Divers tried unsuccessfully to make cuprous... 

---