Nitrates supply

Karl Bosch (1874-1940) and Alwin Mittasch (1869-1953) of Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik eliminated the nitrate shortage that occurred after the British sea blockade effectively cut off the nitrate supply from Chile. By May of 1915, they had successfully developed at their Oppau Plant an industrial-scale process for oxidizing ammonia. Their process converted the large quantities of synthetic ammonia produced by the Haber process to nitric acid and other nitrates that were essential for fertilizers and explosives. (10)... 

It has been established that the activity of both NR and NiR is induced by nitrate in plants (Rajasekhar Oelmuller, 1987), even if in a few species constitutive NR and NiR isoforms are found in addition to the inducible ones. Nitrate supply leads to an increase in the steady-state level of mRNA encoding NR in a variety of plant species and tissues (Cheng et al., 1986, 1991 Crawford et al., 1986 Smarrelli et al., 1987 Galangau et al., 1988 Gowri Campbell, 1989 Hamat et al., 1989 Hoff et al., 1991 Friemann et al., 1991). This in turn results in NR protein synthesis and increased activity, shortly after nitrate supply to the roots, and after a lag in leaves (Melzer et al., 1989). Where performed, nuclear runoff transcription assays have indicated that the high mRNA level results from increased transcriptional activity (Callaci Smarrelli, 1991 Lillo, 1991). 

Galangau, F., Daniel-Vedele, F., Moureaux, T., Dorbe, M.-F., Leydecker, M.-T. Caboche, M. (1988). Expression of leaf nitrate reductase genes from tomato and tobacco in relation to light-dark regimes and nitrate supply. Plant Physiology 88, 383-8. 

Table 10.1. Ammonium Nitrate Supply and Demand240 Thousands of Tons...

Planas, D., Agusti, S., Duarte, C. M., Granata, T. C., and Merino, M. (1999). Nitrate uptake and diffusive nitrate supply in the central Atlantic. Limnol. Oceanogr. 44, 116-126. 

Ammonium nitrate production became a major fiictor towards the end of World War I once the merits of amatol, an 80 20 mixture of ammonium nitrate and TNT, had been accepted by the Services as the most expedient method of extending the hmited TNT supplies. Nitrogen fixation for fertilizers was the objective of the Haber process for ammonia and the successful chenjical engineering of this process had made Germany independent of the Chile nitrate supplies by 1918. The plant at Oppau made 25 tons/day of ammonia. The British requirement for ammonium nitrate was 4000 tons/week by the end of the war, which was met largely with gas works ammonia, Chile nitrate, and some manu cture via a Birkland-Eyre oxidation furnace and calcium nitrate. 

Suspended particles A typical profile of suspended particles has its lowest d N in the surface layer, increasing below the euphotic zone (Figure 12). The d N of suspended particles reflects in part the d N of nitrate supplied to the surface ocean and, in nutrient-rich surface waters, isotope discrimination associated with its incomplete assimilation. However, the low d N in the surface layer is typically lower than what would be expected solely from nitrate assimilation. This low d N has two competing explanations N2 fixation and N recycling. As described earlier, N2 fixation is expected to add fixed N with a d N of c. — l%o... 

III. The interrelationships of molybdenum and nitrate supply in the growth and molybdenum content of cauliflower plants grown in sand culture. J. Hort. Sci. 29 278-90. 

Parsons, C. L. and Committee. Nitrate Supply Committee Recommendations on Synthetic Nitric Acid for the Government with Reports on Various Methods. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 

Photosynthetic tissue is a relatively more important site for the reduction of sulfate than nitrate. Nitrate, as a proportion of the total nitrogen in the xylem sap, can vary greatly depending on the species (Wallace and Pate, 1%7), the age of the plant and the amount of exogenous nitrate supplied (Wallace and Pate, 1965). 

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