Other miscellaneous applications

Australian manufacturer Innovadent produces Nd-Fe-B alloy magnets of two sizes namely mini magnet (case size of 3 x 3 x 4 mm3) providing 500 grams of retention and Maxi magnet(case size 4 x 4.5 x 6.5 mm3) with about 1000 grams of retention. 

Other applications in dentistry are (i) magnetic retention of vital teeth, (ii) magnetically-retained removable bridges, (iii) for use in artificial tooth implants which are fitted with magnetisable caps, (iv) applications in orthodontics. 

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Other miscellaneous applications of malononitdle are the synthesis of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (46) which is a powerful electron acceptor in the formation of charge-transfer complexes which are of interest because of their conductivity of electricity (96), as well as of 2-chloroben2yhdene malononitnle [2698-41-1] (45) also known as CS-gas, which is a safe lachrymatory chemical used for self-defense devices (97). 

Compared with nylon 66 fibres, the polyurethane fibres (known as Perlon U) have a tensile strength at the higher end of the range quoted for nylon 66, they are less prone to discolouration in air, are more resistant to acid conditions and they have a lower moisture absorption. On the debit side they are less easy to dye, are hard, wiry and harsh to handle and have too low a softening point for many applications. They are currently of little importance but have found some use in bristles, filler cloths, sieves and a few other miscellaneous applications. 

Titanium raw-material utilization can be broken down as illustrated in Figure 9. About 4% of the titanium mined is used as metal, 94% is used as pigment-grade Ti02, and 2% as ore-grade rutile for fluxes and ceramics. In 1995, the estimated U.S. Ti02 pigment production was valued at 2.6 billion and was produced by five companies at 11 plants in nine states. About 47% was used in paint, 18% in plastics, 24% in paper, and 18% in other miscellaneous applications (56). 

Chlorophenols are a class of pesticide substances, e.g. fungicides, used for wood preservation, in pulp production and other miscellaneous applications. The substances were introduced in the 1930s and have been used in very large amounts. Today, the consumption has decreased and the substances are banned in many countries. The main active substance in chlorophenol products is pentachloro-phenol (PCP Figure 3.10). The substance is moderately lipophilic and persistent, yet readily absorbed and accumulated in biota and expresses a rather high acute toxicity. The metabolism and breakdown of this envirotoxicant in biota and in the environment are rather slow, resulting in successively dechlorinated metabolites. 

Other miscellaneous applications of ionic liquid crystals have been reported as lubricants, [124] for the preparation of membranes, [125] and as additives for food bars [126],... 

The rare-earth-containing mixed oxides commonly used in catalytic applications will be presented in the first section of this chapter. In the second section, the applications to different types of reactions will be described, making cross-references among them. The final section will provide a general overview of other miscellaneous applications connected to their catalytic properties such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and gas sensors. 

Some other miscellaneous applications of lipases have bee reported, including their use in diagnostics and biosensors (Hasan et al. 2006). A comprehensive analysis of lipase applications can be found in http //www.au-kbc. org/beta/bioproj2/index. html. 

In addition to these well known applications, different studies dealing with the use of furan derivatives as wood adhesives and other miscellaneous applications are presented and discussed. 

In the area of electrochemical micro and nanofabrication, electrochemical microsystem technology (EMST) is an emerging and fast developing field with many challenging opportuiuties. Chapter 11 focuses on different features of EMST. Applications of EMST in microsystem technology and other miscellaneous applications of EMST have been reported. EMST has the possibility to establish a link between the conventional macroscopic electrochemistry and the electrochemical nanoscience. 

Some of the other areas in which the green composites are used are as follows false ceilings, partition purposes, doors, furniture, boxes for agriculture purposes, and so on. Other miscellaneous applications are rims, mobile panels, toys, aircraft, ships, and so on. 

Its excellent electrical insulation properties lead to its use in wire insulation, in valve holders, in insulated transformers, in hermetic seals for condensers, in laminates for printed ciruitry and for many other miscellaneous electrical applications. 

Carbon is an important reinforcing agent for various elastomers. It is used in tires (71%) and other elastomers (22%). Miscellaneous applications (7%) include its use as a black pigment in inks and paints. 

Miscellaneous Applications of EPR to PS II. - A number of authors used EPR to detect changes of the S-state cycle and the tyrosine radicals and correlated this with other functional aspects of the OEC and PS II. In particular, the prominent S2 state MLS and the tyrosine signals have been used for these investigations. A representative fraction of such work and some other EPR applications from the last years are discussed below. 

Benzoic acid and its derivatives are among the most widely used antimicrobial agents these, together with the propionates, sulfur dioxide, nitrates, nitrites and sorbic add, account for the bulk of food preservatives. A number of other compounds find use, however, in various miscellaneous applications, including 3-acetyl-6-methyl-3f/-pyran-2,4-dione (67)... 

Nonfat dry milk (NFDM), lowfat dry milk (LFDM), and dry whole milk (DWM) are produced and used as functional ingredients in dairy, bakery, confectionary, and other food applications. Instantized NFDM is made primarily for home and institutional beverage and miscellaneous product applications (Hall 1976 Hall and Hedrick 1966). 

Some common alloys include Wood s metal (mp 71°), contg Bi 4,Pb 2, Sn 1 Cd 1 part Rose s metal(mp 93.8) contg Bi 2, Pb 1 Sn 1 part and Lipowitz alloy(mp 60-5), contg Bi 15, Pb 8, Sn 4 Cd 3 parts. Alloys of Bi melting si above 100° are used in automatic sprinkling systems less fusible alloys are used as safety plugs in boilers(Ref 2). Bi alloys also have important applications in industry for castings, other miscellaneous uses, and in certain types of ammunition(Ref 1)... 

In view of the importance of chiral resolution and the efficiency of liquid chromatographic methods, attempts are made to explain the art of chiral resolution by means of liquid chromatography. This book consists of an introduction followed by Chapters 2 to 8, which discuss resolution chiral stationary phases based on polysaccharides, cyclodextrins, macrocyclic glyco-peptide antibiotics, Pirkle types, proteins, ligand exchangers, and crown ethers. The applications of other miscellaneous types of CSP are covered in Chapter 9. However, the use of chiral mobile phase additives in the separation of enantiomers is discussed in Chapter 10. 

In other oxygen applications, metal fabrication involves cutting and welding with an oxygen-acetylene torch. Chemical manufacture use includes the formation of ethylene oxide, acrylic acid, propylene oxide, and vinyl acetate. Miscellaneous uses include sewage treatment, aeration, pulp and paper bleaching, and missile fuel. 

The only remaining use of any importance is the manufacture of a number of specialty phthalate plasticizers for PVC and other resin systems. Plasticizers account for about 8 percent of demand and the remaining 10 percent involve a variety of miscellaneous applications. 

The application of gas chromatography to the determination of other miscellaneous insecticides is reviewed in Table 15.9. 

In 1999, U.S. consumption of ethylene glycol totaled 5.5 billion lb. Of that, 1.5 billion lb (28%) was used in the production of polyester bottles, primarily for soft drinks. Polyester fiber applications accounted for 1.4 billion lb (26%), primarily for the textile industry. Polyester film and miscellaneous applications consumed another 0.4 billion lb (7%). Antifreeze applications have held steady at approximately 1.6 billion lb over the last 20 years, and have become relatively less important with time than the polyester applications. This trend is expected to hold in the future. Increased demand for polyester bottles is expected to fuel growth in the United States, and bottle and textile applications are expected to fuel growth in other areas of the world. 

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