Other Inorganic Nanomaterials

Temperature-programmed reactions (TPR), developed by Volpe and co-workers, are efficiently used for the synthesis of metal carbides [45]. This method is prominent for the synthesis of metal carbides and other inorganic nanomaterials of desired shape and properties. Metal oxides are essentially heated at high temperature in the presence of hydrocarbon. In this synthesis method, the reactant gases of optimized ratio of CH4/H2 or are passed over the metal oxides. After the... 

Materials science goes back to prehistoric times, where people started to utilize rocks, bones, leather, and other materials they found in nature to fabricate tools and clothing. Later, the knowledge evolved and metals, alloys, ceramics, and fabrics replaced the older materials with inferior properties. In recent times, the knowledge of materials and processing improved further and more advanced materials for more sophisticated (or fashionable) applications have become available. The synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials of specific composition and size is a burgeoning area of materials science research. 

Abstract This review describes how the unique nanostructures of water-in-oU (W/0), oil-in-water (0/W) and bicontinuous microemulsions have been used for the syntheses of some organic and inorganic nanomaterials. Polymer nanoparticles of diameter approximately 10-50 nm can easily be obtained, not only from the polymerization of monomers in all three types of microemulsions, but also from aWinsor l-like system. A Winsor 1-like system with a semi-continuous process can be used to produce microlatexes with high weight ratios of polymer to surfactant (up to 25). On the other hand, to form inorganic nanoparticles, it is best to carry out the appropriate chemical reactions in W/0- and bicontinuous microemulsions. 

As a powerful methodology to assemble various components into soft supramolecular organizations, the LbL assembly method shows continuous progresses in the fields of drug delivery under the supramolecular concept (Fig. 2.2.5). The LbL method has excellent versatility for the assembly of various kinds of substances [13]. This method covers a wide range of available materials including proteins, nucleic acids, saccharides, virus particles micelles, vesicles, LB films, and other lipid membranes as well as conventional polyelectrolytes, conductive polymers, inorganic nanomaterials, nanocarbons, and dye... 

In order to create a super hydrogel (NC gel), the concept of the fabrication of a novel three-dimensional network structure is important. For example, the simple dispersion of inorganic nanomaterials such as silica, titania, clay, and CNT into the network of an OR gel hardly improved the mechanical properties, regardless of the kind and size (aspect ratio) of the nanoparticles and the dispersion uniformity, as shown in Fig. lb for clay (4 wt%)-dispersed ORl gel. Also, almost no reinforcement was observed for the systems with other kinds of nanoparticles. 

ABSTRACT Polymer binder modification of polymer mortars with inorganic nanomaterials could be a potential and efficient solution to control matrix flammability of these materials without scarifying other important properties. However, the incorporation of nanomaterials into polymer mortar materials can expose workers and final users to new risks. This research work aims to evaluate the risk in the polymer mortar production with nano-zirconia, focusing on exposure to the NP in a known research laboratory. In order to obtain exposure data control, air particle measurements were made with a Dust-Trak TM Aerosol Monitor (1 pm nozzle). Maximum concentration was observed in the cleaning task (0,195 mg m ). Future challenges relative to nanomaterials exposure prevention and control should focus on the development and use of more sensitive and specific equipment, devices and measurement methods. 

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