Osteoblasts biomaterials

Rovira, A., Amedee, J., Bareille, R., and Rabaud, M. (1996). Colonization of a calcium phosphate/elastin-solubilized peptide-collagen composite material by human osteoblasts. Biomaterials 17, 1535-1540. 

Nanostructured biocomposite substrates by electrospinning and electrospraying for the mineralization of osteoblasts. Biomaterials, 30 (11), 2085 -2094. 

Morrison C, Macnair R, MacDonald C, Wykman A, Goldie I, Grant MH (1995), In vitro biocompatability testing of polymers for orthopaedic implants using cultured fibroblasts and osteoblasts . Biomaterials, 16, 987-992. 

SHE 88] SHELTON R.M., RASMUSSEN A.C. and DAVIES J.E., Protein adsorption at the interface between charged polymer substrate and migrating osteoblasts . Biomaterials, vol. 9,1988. 

Dicarboxymethyl chitosan and 6-oxychitin sodium salt, applied to femoral surgical defects for 3 weeks produced a good histoarchitectural order in the newly formed bone tissue. The spongious trabecular architecture was restored in the defect site. The association of the chitin derivatives with the osteoblasts seemed to be the best biomaterial in terms of bone tissue recovery [128]. 

Marques, A. P. C., H. R. Coutinho, O. P. Reis, R. L. (2005). Effect of starch-based biomaterials on the in vitro proliferation and viability of osteoblast-like cells. Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine, Vol. 16,1, (September 2005), pp. (833-842 ISSN 0957-4530... 

Saad B, CiardeUi G, Matter S, Welti M, Uhlschmid GK, Neuenschwander P, and Suter UW. Degradable and highly porous polyestherurethane foam as biomaterial Effects and phagocytosis of degradation products in osteoblasts. J Biomed Mater Res, 1998, 39, 594—602. 

Burdick JA, Anseth KS (2002) Photoencapsulation of osteoblasts in injectable RGD-modified PEG hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 23 4315-4323... 

Utilization of cell-specific peptide sequences in biomaterials enables the selective adhesion of certain cell types, even in the presence of a mixture of many cell types. As mentioned earlier, REDV promotes the adhesion of endothelial cells, but not other vascular cell types (Hubbell et al., 1991). This selectivity has great potential for endothelialization of vascular devices, where the growth of an endothelial cells, but not fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells, is desired. Another peptide sequence, KRSR, has been shown to selectively promote the adhesion of osteoblasts, which is useful in the rational design of better dental and orthopedic biomaterials (Dee et al., 1998). 

Composites made with carbon nanostructures have demonstrated their high performance as biomaterials, basically applied in the field of tissue regeneration with excellent results. For example, P.R. Supronowicz et al. demonstrated that nanocomposites fabricated with polylactic acid and CNTs can be used to expose cells to electrical stimulation, thus promoting osteoblast functions that are responsible for the chemical composition of the organic and inorganic phases of bone [277]. MacDonald et al. prepared composites containing a collagen matrix CNTs and found that CNTs do not affect the cell viability or cell proliferation [278]. 

Unger RE, Halstenberg S, Sartoris A et al (2011) Human endothelial and osteoblast cocultures on 3D biomaterials. Methods Mol Biol 695 229-241... 

K. Cheng, W. Weng, H. Wang, S. Zhang, In vitro behavior of osteoblast-like cells on fluoridated hydroxyapatite coatings. Biomaterials 26 (2005) 6288-6295. 

EUas KL, Price RL, Webster TJ (2002) Enhanced functions of osteoblasts on nanometer diameter carbon fibers. Biomaterials 23 3279-3287... 

Raman spectroscopy can be used for live, in situ, temporal studies on the development of bone-like mineral (bone nodules) in vitro in response to a variety of biomaterials/scaffolds, growth factors, hormones, environmental conditions (e.g. oxygen pressure, substrate stiffness) and from a variety of cell sources (e.g. stem cells, FOBs or adult osteoblasts). Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy enables a detailed biochemical comparison between the TE bone-like nodules formed and native bone tissue. Bone formation by osteoblasts (OB) is a dynamic process, involving the differentiation of progenitor cells, ECM production, mineralisation and subsequent tissue remodelling. 

Kue, R., Sohrabi, A., Nagle, D., Frondoza, C., Hungerford, D., Enhanced proliferation and osteocalcin production by human osteoblast-like MG63 cells on silicon nitride ceramic discs, Biomaterials, 20, 1999, 1195-1201. 

Taubenberger A, Woodruff MA, Bai H F et al (2010) The effect of unlocking RGD-motifs in collagen I on pre-osteoblast adhesion and differentiation. Biomaterials 31 2827-2835... 

Three distinct periods of osteoblast differentiation at the genetic level have been identified during in vitro examination of developing osteoblasts after initial adhesion to a surface (1) cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis, (2) extracellular matrix development and maturation, and (3) extracellular matrix mineralization (Stein and Lian, 1993). A schematic of the time course of osteoblast function and synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins on a newly implanted biomaterial is shown in Fig. 6. 

Specific domains of proteins (for example, those mentioned in the section Organic Phase ) adsorbed to biomaterial surfaces interact with select cell membrane receptors (Fig. 8) accessibility of adhesive domains (such as specific amino acid sequences) of select adsorbed proteins may either enhance or inhibit subsequent cell (such as osteoblast) attachment (Schakenraad, 1996). Several studies have provided evidence that properties (such as chemistry, charge, and topography) of biomaterial surfaces dictate select interactions (such as type, concentration, and conformation or bioactivity) of plasma proteins (Sinha and Tuan, 1996 Horbett, 1993 Horbett, 1996 Brunette, 1988 Davies, 1988 Luck et al., 1998 Curtis and Wilkinson, 1997). Albumin has been the protein of choice in protein-adsorption investigations because of availability, low cost (compared to other proteins contained in serum), and, most importantly, well-documented conformation or bioactive structure (Horbett, 1993) recently, however, a number of research groups have started to examine protein (such as fibronectin and vitronectin) interactions with material surfaces that are more pertinent to subsequent cell adhesion (Luck et al., 1998 Degasne et al., 1999 Dalton et al., 1995 Lopes et al., 1999). 

Fig. 8. Schematic representation of protein-mediated cell adhesion on biomaterial surfaces. Biomaterial surface properties (such as hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, topography, energy, and charge) affect subsequent interactions of adsorbed proteins these interactions include but are not limited to adsorbed protein type, concentration, and conformation. Changes in protein-surface interactions may alter accessibility of adhesive domains (such as the peptide sequence arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) to cells (such as osteoblasts, fibroblasts, or endothelial cells) and thus modulate cellular adhesion. (Adapted and redrawn from Schakenraad, 1996.)...

Biomaterial scientists and engineers are currently investigating novel formulations and modifications of existing materials that elicit specific, timely, and desirable responses from surrounding cells and tissues to support the osseointegration of the next generation of orthopedic and dental biomaterials (Ratner, 1992). Enhanced deposition of mineralized matrix at the bone-implant interface provides crucial mechanical stability to implants. Proactive orthopedic and dental biomaterials could consist of novel formulations that selectively enhance osteoblast function (such as adhesion, proliferation and formation of calcium-containing mineral) while, at the same time, minimize other cell (such as fibroblast) functions that may decrease implant efficacy (e.g., fibroblast participation in callus formation and fibrous encapsulation of implants in vivo). 

Garvey, B. T., and Bizios, R., A transmission electron microscopy examination of the interface between osteoblasts and metal biomaterials. J. Biomed. Mat. Res. 29 (8), 987-992 (1995). 

Puleo, D. A., Preston, K. E., Shaffer, X B., and Bizios, R., Examination of osteoblast-orthopaedic biomaterials interactions using molecular techniques. Biomaterials 14,111-114 (1993). 

Webster, T. J., Siegel, R. W., and Bizios, R., Osteoblast adhesion on nanophase ceramics. Biomaterials 20,1221-1227 (1999b). 

McKay GC, Macnair R, MacDonald C, et al. 1996. Interactions of orthopaedic metals with an immortalized rat osteoblast cell line. Biomaterials 17(13) 1339-1344. 

Jones DB, Nolte H, Scholubbers JG, Turner E, Veltel D. Biochemical signal transduction of mechanical strain in osteoblasts-like cells. Biomaterials. 1991 12 101-110. 

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