Oslo Convention

The changes to the London Protocol also led to a revision of the OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, which is the North-East Atlantic s version of the London Protocol, and which combines the 1972 Oslo Convention on dumping waste at sea and the 1974 Paris Convention on land-based sources of marine pollution. In 2007, the OSPAR Convention also adopted amendments to the Annexes to the Convention to allow the storage of C02 in geological formations under the seabed (www.ospar.org). 

This chapter refers inter alia to the Basel Caivention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal providing a framework for the control of movement of wastes and prevention of further incidents of their illegal exports [9], and the London Dumping Convention [10] which controls the sea disposal of wastes, and the Oslo Convention [11] covering the north-east Atlantic, the North Sea, and the Baltic Sea. 

Oslo and Paris Commissions (1992) Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic. OSPAR, Paris. 

While participating in the European Union programme on risk assessment of existing chemicals, Euro Chlor (representing all major European chlorine producers), recognised the need to carry out a detailed risk evaluation on chemicals linked to the production of chlorine. In view of concerns about specific risks of organohalogen compounds to the marine environment as a sink for all watercourses, Euro Chlor focused on this environmental compartment, with emphasis on the North Sea. This sea area has been extensively studied and is controlled by the Oslo and Paris Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution (OSPARCOM). For a series of chemicals on lists of concern adopted by the North Sea Conference (1990), risk assessments are being carried out to demonstrate their variable environmental profiles. 

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OSlo/PARis convention... 

An improved metabolic control with intensified insulin therapy compared with a conventional treatment was reported by Wolf et al. (1987). A continuous insulin infusion with insulin pump therapy, monitored over 1 year, however, did not exhibit a clear advantage. The management of even preschool children with insulin pump therapy was not associated with an increased frequency or an accelerated rate of development of ketosis (Flores et al., 1984 Brambilla et al., 1987). However, Marshall et al. (1987) reported more abscesses and ketoacidosis in children on CS1I, and an increased risk of developing cutaneous infections was also noted in patients treated by CSII in the Oslo Study (Dahl-Jorgensen et al., 1985). 

Diabetic retinopathy (Oslo Study), motor nerve conduction and glomerular hyperfiltration were less progressive in patients treated with CSII or MDI compared with conventional insulin therapy (Dahl-Jorgensen, 1987). An improvement of retinopathy with CSII was reported in the KROC Study Group (1988) (Fig. 14). 

NMFA (1982-1983). Verification of a Chemical Weapons Convention Sampling and Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents under Winter Conditions, Parts 1 and 2. Oslo, Norway Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 

OSPAR (2001) OSPAR (Oslo-Paris convention for the protection of the marine environment of the North-East Atlantic). OSPAR draft background document on short chain chlorinated paraffins. 65 pp (OSPAR 01/4/8-E)... 

Protocol to the UNECE 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, Oslo, Norway. 

Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, (as amended), London, Mexico City, Moscow, (Washington), 1972. Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft, (as amended), Oslo, 1972. 

At the international level, regulations concerning dredged material and contaminated sediments are part of the Oslo and Paris (OSPAR), the Helsinki and the London Convention. The OSPAR Commission is of importance in setting guidelines for the disposal of dredged material in the marine environment, which are reflected in national criteria for disposal. It is expected that OSPAR will continue in this role. The feed-back system from contaminated sediments to the reduction of emission needs to be improved. 

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. (1994). Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions, Oslo, June 14, 33 I.L.M. 1540. 

EC5jj=median effective concentration fw=freshwater LC5 j=median lethal concentration m=marine mw=marine water na=not applicable OSPAR=Oslo and Paris Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Northeast Atlantic PBT=persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic POPs=persistent organic pollutants RfD=referencedose sed.=sediment USEPA=US Environmental Protection Agency vPvB=very persistent, very bioacumulative. 

NMFA (1982, 1983) Verification of a chemical weapons convention sampling and analysis of chemical warfare agents under winter conditions, parts 1 and 2. Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo. (Cited in Trapp 1985 Kingery and Allen 1994.)... 

Bamforth (1965) has given operating details of several Oslo-Krystal plants producing ammonium sulphate. Oslo-Krystal evaporating crystallizers have also been used for the manufacture of ammonium nitrate, borax, boric acid, sodium chloride, sodium dichromate and oxalic acid. In the case of sodium chloride, this type of crystallizer can, when operated under appropriate conditions, also produce spherical crystals of a median size 2-3 mm as opposed to the <0.5 mm cubic crystals normally produced in a conventional forced circulation evaporating crystallizer. An example of this interesting and commercially useful crystalline form is shown in Figure 8.46 where a microscopic inspection of... 

Figure 5.22 shows precast concrete piles fitted with the conventional steel pointed shoes. A flat-ended pile is equally suitable as pointed ended piles in many situations. In the case of piles seated on rock or hard stratum, an Oslo shoe (Figure 5.23) would be suitable. 

HERBY, P., The Chemical Weapons Convention and Arms Control in the Middle East (Oslo International Peace Research Institute, 1992). 

Fig. 6. A comparison of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of AIPO4-5 (API) (top) prepared by conventional synthesis methods and (bottom) prepared using fluoride and potassium ions. (Reprinted with permission of E. N. Halvorsen and K. P. Lillerud, Oslo, Norway)...

Art. 11 Explanatory Report to the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (1995) As published in Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities - Collected Texts, 4th ed.. Council of Europe, 2007, pp. 17-35, Strasbourg. The High Commissioner on National Minorities (1998) Oslo Recommendations Regarding the Linguistic Rights of National Minorities Explanatory Note http //www.osce.org/documents/hcnm/1998/ 02/43268 en.pdf. Accessed 29 May 2010 support the use of language in names. 

Mercury and its compounds are included in the "Black List of all the international conventions such as the Oslo, Paris, and Barcelona Conventions and the EEC Directive on the discharge of dangerous substances, the main aim of which is to prevent aquatic pollution. One of the common objectives of these control measures is to eliminate, to prohibit, or to strictly control the discharge of all black list substances into natural waters. 

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