Organic particulate

Method 25 applies to the measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOC) as nonmethane organics (TGNMO), reported as carbon. Organic particulate matter will interfere with the analysis, and, therefore, in some cases, an in-stack particulate filter will be required. The method requires an emission sample to be withdrawn at a con-... 

The processing of cotton, from the field to the cloth, releases both inorganic and organic particulate matter to the atmosphere. Also, adhering pesticide residues may be emitted at the cotton gin exhaust. Table 30-19 lists the emission factors for particulate matter from cotton ginning operations. 

The vertical distribution of pollutants originates from water movements and sinking of organic particulate matter operating as carriers for lipophilic substances. PFOA enters ocean water exclusively in the surface level and instantaneously establishes... 

Only 1.2% of the carbon of 2,4-D added to stream water was converted to organic particulate matter, the solids fraction in water containing the microbial cells. This lack of significant carbon assimilation may be a result of the inability of the microorganisms to obtain carbon and energy for biosynthetic purposes at these low concentrations, the immediate use of the carbon for respiration in order for the cells to maintain their viability (i. e., for maintenance energy), or the rapid decomposition and mineralization of the cells and their constituents. 

Solids Organic Particulate Matter Inorganic Particulate Matter ng/L to mg/L ng/L to mg/L Plankton biomass, fecal pellets, molts, feeding nets Atmospheric dust, riverborne clay minerals, iron oxyhydroxides, micrometeorites... 

A number of significant oxygenated organic particulate compounds and gas-phase free radicals are formed by the reactions of gas-phase hydrocarbons (see Table 6-1 and (Chapter 2). The measurement methods for these substances are complicated and in the research stage. Their description is beyond the scope of this chapter. It is of major importance to develop methods for measuring hydroxyl and peroxyhydroxyl radicals, as well as the various oxygen species formed with ozone (see Chapter 12). 

Diagram flow of chemical characterization of organic particulate matter... 

Eatough, D. J., D. A. Eatough, L. Lewis, and E. A. Lewis, Fine Particulate Chemical Composition and Light Extinction at Canyonlands National Park Using Organic Particulate Material Concentrations Obtained with a Multisystem, Multichannel Diffusion Denuder Sampler, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19515-19531 (1996). 

Daisey, J. M., J. L. Cheney, and P. J. Lioy, Profiles of Organic Particulate Emissions from Air Pollution Sources Status and Needs for Receptor Source Apportionment Modeling, J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 36, 17-33 (1986b). 

Epstein, S. S., S. Joshi, J. Andrea, N. Mantel, E. Sawicki, T. Stanley, and E. C. Tabor, Carcinogenicity of Organic Particulate Pollutants in Urban Air after Administration of Trace Quantities to Neonatal Mice, Nature, 212, 1305-1307 (1966). 

Without any doubt, the composition of nonliving organic matter is largely influenced by the action of soil organisms. Particulate vegetation residues are first con-... 

More direct biological channels also seem promising as sources. Land plants release H2S, but the process has not been considered for marine algae ( ). Intermittent deep sulfide maxima could be connected with anoxic microenvironments recently located in marine snow. These organic particulates accumulate in the pycnocline and offer potential sites for contrary redox reactions such as dissimilatory sulfate reduction (34). 

The results of NITEP mirrored that of the 1987 US EPA recommendations for GCP (see Table 1). Using the modified design and control models identified in the study, 10- to 100-fold reductions in trace organic, particulate and metals emissions were achieved on a consistent basis. 

Dutch Studies. In a study examining emissions from MSW incinerators operating in the Netherlands, a number of emission types were measured acid, gases, organics, particulates, CO, etc.20 The relationship between particulate and PCDD/F emissions was tested. In presenting a plot of these emissions, the report stated that no really clear correlations emerge. ... 

Crossland, C.J., and Barnes, D.J. (1983). Dissolved nutrients and organic particulates in water flowing over coral reefs at Lizard Island. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 34, 835-844. 

The relation between ambient levels and precursor emissions is somewhat easier to identify for particulates than for ozone, because the chemical composition of individual particulates provides evidence for their origin sulfate particulates are associated with sulfur dioxide emissions organic particulates with specific VOCs, and so on. A variety of statistical methods have been used to identify source types for particulates based on chemical composition, especially in terms of trace metal components (e.g., Henry, 1992 Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998). This type of analysis requires sophisticated measurements of the chemical composition of individual particulates, rather than the more common measurement of summed concentrations. Statistical methods have also been used to gain information about ozone and ozone precursors (e.g., Buhr et al., 1995 Stehr et al., 2000). 

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