Particulate organic P

The cycling and availability of P in estuaries is largely dependent on P specia-tion. Consequently, total P has traditionally been divided into total dissolved P and total particulate P fractions, which can be further divided into dissolved and particulate organic P and dissolved and particulate inorganic P pools. Another defined fraction within the TP pool is reactive phosphorus, which has been used to describe the potentially bioavailable P. Much of the work to date has focused on the soluble reactive P, which is characterized as the P fraction that forms a phosphomolybdate complex under acidic conditions. 

The extent of gas-to-aerosol conversion of secondary pollutants can be estimated by measuring gas particle distribution factors for carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur species. For example, /c = P/ P + G), where P = particulate organic carbon ng/m as carbon) and G = gas-phase... 

Schwartz, G., J. M. Daisey and P. J. Lioy. Effect of sampling duration on the concentration of particulate organics collected on glass fiber filters. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., ... 

Grosjean, D. Helsler, S. Fung, K. Mueller, P. Hldy, G. "Particulate organic carbon in urban air concentrations, size distribution and temporal variations", presented at the American Institute of Chemical Engineers 72nd Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California, November 1979. 

Arey, J., B. Zielinska, W. P. Harger, R. Atkinson, and A. M. Winer, The Contribution of Nitrofluoranthenes and Nitropyrenes to the Mutagenic Activity of Ambient Particulate Organic Matter Collected in Southern California, Mutat. Res., 207, 45-51 (1988b). 

Butler, J. P., T. J. Kneip, and J. M. Daisey, An Investigation of Interurban Variations in the Chemical Composition and Mutagenic Activity of Airborne Particulate Organic Matter Using an Integrated Chemical Class/Bioassay System, Atmos. Environ., 21, 883-892 (1987). 

Harger, W. P., J. Arey, and R. Atkinson, The Mutagenicity of HPLC-Separated Vapor-Phase and Particulate Organics in Ambient Air, Atmos. Environ., 26A, 2463-2466 (1992). 

Bloesch, J., and M. Sturm, Settling flux and sinking velocities of particulate phosphorus (PP) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in Lake Zug, Switzerland . In Sediments and Water Interactions, P. G. Sly, Ed., Springer, New York, 1986, pp. 481-490. 

P.J. Wangersky, Particulate organic carbon sampling variability, Limnol. Oceanogr. 19 (1974) 980-984. 

Druffel, E. R. M., P. M. Williams, J. E. Bauer, and J. R. Ertel. 1992. Cycling of dissolved and particulate organic matter in the open ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 97 15639-15659. 

Eadie, B. J., N. R. Morehead, J. V. Klump, and P. F. Landrum. 1992. Distribution of hydro-phobic organic compounds between dissolved and particulate organic matter in Green Bay waters. Journal of Great Lakes Research 18 91. 

Figure 6.1. Ecosystem area and soil carbon content to 3-m depth. Lower Panel Global areal extent of major ecosystems, transformed by land use in yellow, untransformed in purple. Data from Hassan et al. (2005) except for Mediterranean-climate ecosystems transformation impact is from Myers et al. (2000) and ocean surface area is from Hassan et al. (2005). Upper Panel Total C stores in plant biomass, soil, yedoma/permafrost. D, deserts G S(tr), tropical grasslands and savannas G(te), temperate grasslands ME, Mediterranean ecosystems F(tr), tropical forests F(te), temperate forests F(b), boreal forests T, tundra FW, freshwater lakes and wetlands C, croplands O, oceans. Data are from Sabine et al. (2004), except C content of yedoma permafrost and permafrost (hght blue columns, left and right, respectively Zimov et al., 2006), and ocean organic C content (dissolved plus particulate organic Denman et al., 2007). This figure considers soil C to 3-m depth (Jobbagy and Jackson, 2000). Approximate carbon content of the atmosphere is indicated by the dotted lines for last glacial maximum (LGM), pre-industrial (P-IND) and current (about 2000). Reprinted from Fischlin et al. (2007) in IPCC (2007). See color insert.

Golchin, A., Oades, J. M., Skjemstad, J. O., and Clarke, P. (1994b). Study of free and occluded particulate organic matter in soils by solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Aust. J. Soil Res. 32(2), 285-309. 

Benitez-Nelson, C. R., O Neill, L., Kolowith, L. C., Pellechia, P. J., and Thunell, R. C. (2004). Phosphonates and particulate organic phosphorus cycling in an anoxic marine basin. Limnol. Oceanogr. 49,1593-1604. 

Loh, A. N., and Bauer, J. E. (2000). Distribution, partitioning, and fluxes of dissolved and particulate organic C, N, and P in the eastern North Pacific and Southern Oceans. Deep-Sea Res. II47, 2287-2316. 

Sannigrahi, P., Ingall, E. D., and Benner, R. (2005). Cycling of dissolved and particulate organic matter at station Aloha Insights from 13C NMR spectroscopy coupled with elemental, isotopic and molecular analyses. Deep-Sea Res. 152,1429-1444. 

Figure 9.22. Oceanic cycles of organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. DOC = dissolved organic carbon POC = particulate organic carbon NPP = net primary production DN = dissolved nitrogen PN = particulate nitrogen DP = dissolved phosphorus, PP = particulate phosphorus. C and N fluxes are in units of 1012 moles C and N y1 P fluxes are in units of 1010 moles P y1.

Figure 11.7 Total particulate phase content of phosphorus [e.g., labile, Fe-P, organic P (Org-P), calcium phosphate (Ca-P), and detrital phosphorus (Detr-p)] in total suspended solids (TSS) (pg g-1 dry wt. TSS) in waters of the lower Mississippi River and inner Louisiana shelf, versus seasonal variability and increasing salinity. (Modified from Sutula et al 2004.)...

Odum, E. P., and de la Cruz, A.A. (1967) Particulate organic detritus in a Georgia salt marsh-estuarine ecosystem In Estuaries (Lauff, GH., ed.), pp. 383-388, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC. 

Onstad, G.D., Canfield, D.E., Quay, P.D., and Hedges, J.I. (2000) Sources of particulate organic matter in rivers from the continental USA lignin phenol and stable carbon isotope compositions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64, 3539-3546. 

Trefry, J.H., Metz, S., Nelsen, T.A., Trocine, T.P., and Eadie, B.A. (1994) Transport and fate of particulate organic carbon by the Mississippi River and its fate in the Gulf of Mexico. Estuaries 17, 839-849. 

Verity, P.G. (2002b) A decade of change in the Skidaway River estuary. II. Particulate organic carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll a. Estuaries 25, 961-975. 

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