Ozone precursor

Volatile organic compounds and other ozone precursors (CO... 

While motor vehicles built today emit fewer pollutants (60% to 80% less, depending on the pollutant) than those built in the 1960s, cars and trucks still account for almost half the emissions of the ozone precursors VOCs and NO, and up to 90% of the CO emissions in urban areas. The principal reason for this problem is the rapid growth in the number of vehicles on the roadways and total miles driven. 

Derwent, R.G., Collins, W.J., Johnson, C.E., Stevenson, D.S. 2001. Transient behavior of tropospheric ozone precursors in a global 3-D CTM and their indirect greenhouse effects. Climatic Change 49 463 87. 

Blumenthal and co-workers used the earlier data and a case study of Denver, Colorado, to develop arguments as to the source of high concentrations of ozone or ozone precursors that are found in some nonurban areas. Th believe that downwind areas as long as 260 km can exceed the standard because of precursor emission from an urban source. Although th do not present any ozone production estimates related to photochemistry, their data analyses confirm hypotheses of transport from urban to nonurban areas. Th point out that rural areas have had concentrations as high as 0.3 ppm wi no local source of reactant. 

Ozone and ozone precursor concentrations at nonurban locations in the eastern United States were studied extensively. The three parts of the study were field measurements, a quality assurance program, and an airborne monitoring program. The main objective of the study was to establish a data base for nonurban ozone and precursor concentrations. Simultaneous statistical summaries of the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and nonmethane hydrocarbons were also provided. Another objective was to search for relationships between ozone concentrations and nitrogen dioxide and nonmethane hydrocarbon concentrations. 

Blumenthal, D. L., and W. H. White. The Stability and Long Range Transport of Ozone or Ozone Precursors. Paper 75.07.4 Presented at 68th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Boston, Massachusetts, June 15-20, 1975. 13 pp. 

Research Triangle Institute. Investigation of Ozone sjid Ozone Precursor Concentrations at Nonurban Locations in the Eastern United States. EPA-450/3-74-034. Research Triangle Park, N.C. Research Triangle Institute, 1974. (141 pp.]... 

Cardelino, C. A., and W. L. Chameides, An Observation-Based Model for Analyzing Ozone Precursor Relationships in the Urban Atmosphere, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 45, 161-180 (1995). 

Dodge, M. C., Combined Use of Modeling Techniques and Smog Chamber Data to Derive Ozone-Precursor Relationships, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Photochemical Oxidant Pollution and Its Control (B. Dimitriades, Ed.), EPA-600/3-77-001b, Vol. II, pp. 881-889, 1977a. 

Duncan, B. N., and W. L. Chameides, Effects of Urban Emission Control Strategies on the Export of Ozone and Ozone Precursors from the Urban Atmosphere to the Troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28159-28179 (1998). 

McKeen, S. A., E.-Y. Hsie, and S. C. Liu, A Study of the Dependence of Rural Ozone on Ozone Precursors in the Eastern United States, J. Geophys. Res., 96, I5377-I5394 (1991a). 

St. John, J. C., W. L Chanieides, and R. Sayler, Role of Anthropogenic NO, and VOC as Ozone Precursors A Case Study from the SOS Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 22415-22423 (1998). 

United States Environmental Protection Agency, The Role of Ozone Precursors in Tropospheric Ozone Formation and Control, EPA-454/R-93-024, July 1993. 

The evolution of the emissions of some atmospheric pollutants in Europe (EU-15) in the period 1990-1999 has been presented in the report of Goodwin and Mareckova (2002). The report includes acidifying pollutants (ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides), tropospheric ozone precursors, NMVOCs, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter... 

Mahlman, J.D., Levy II, H. and Moxim, W.J., 1980 Three-dimensional tracer structure and behaviour as simulated in two ozone-precursor experiments. J. Atmos. Sci. 37, 655-685. 

OZONE AND OZONE PRECURSORS OVER THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN AS DETERMINED DURING PAURI... 

Krahl, J., Baum, K., Hackbarth, U., Jeberien, H.-E., Munack, A., Schtitt, C., Schroder, O., Walter, N., Btinger, J., Muller, M. M., and Weigel, A. 2001. Gaseous Compounds, Ozone Precursors, Particle Number and Particle Size Distributions, and Mutagenic Effects Due to Biodiesel. Trans. ASAE, 44,179-191. 

Derwent, R.G., W.J. Collins, C.E. Johnson, and D.S. Stevenson. 2001. Transient Behaviour of Tropospheric Ozone Precursors in a Global 3-D CTM and Their Indirect Effects. Climatic Change, Vol. 49, pp. 463-487. 

Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides The traditional approach to reducing ambient ozone concentrations has been to reduce VOC emissions, an ozone precursor. In many areas, it has now been recognized that elimination of persistent exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone may require more... 

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