Dutch studies

In addition to the intravenous route, streptokinase is also adrninistered by the direct intracoronary route. In a Dutch study with 533 patients treated intracoronarily, a significant reduction (12%) in mortahty was noted (79). Of the two methods of adininistration, the intravenous route appears to be the method of choice because of ease of adininistration and the shorter lag period before therapy is initiated the lag period observed in studies utilizing the intracoronary route is attributable to the time required for catheterization. 

DUTCH STUDY CONFIRMS INTEGRATED APPROACH TO WASTE MANAGEMENT IS WAY FORWARD... 

There are fewer data on the frequency of medication use during lactation. Use does appear to be common. A recent Dutch study reported that 53% of all breast-feeding mothers had taken a medication, herb, or supplement (exclusive of iron, vitamins, and homeopathic remedies).5 Furthermore, more women in the United States are now abiding by the recommendation to breast-feed. It is now estimated that up to 50% of United States women breast-feed for at least a short time.6... 

Wind power has been slowed by public opposition. In 2002, a citizen s group in Prince Edward County, Ontario, vetoed a small windfarm project on the coast of Lake Ontario near Hillier. They proposed that the 22 proposed wind turbines would be noisy, kill birds and harm the neighborhood by being too visible. These are common complaints about wind-farms, but at a distance of about 200 meters, the sound of a windfarm is faint. At closer distances the noise is similar to the sound of an airplane s engine from inside the cabin. Even under the spinning blades it is possible to converse in a normal voice. One Dutch study showed that a small wind-farm is less harmful to birds than 1-kilometer of road or powerlines. 

A Dutch study (Wilschut et al. 1998, as reviewed in Vermeire et al. 1999) has evaluated route-to-route extrapolation on the basis of absorption or acute toxicity data. For oral to inhalation route-to-route extrapolation, the predicted inhalation NAEL was often higher than the observed NOAEL (for inhalation) implicating that the substance was considered less toxic after extrapolation when compared with the experimental observations. For oral to dermal route-to-route extrapolation, the predicted dermal NAEL (for inhalation) was often lower than the observed NOAEL (dermal) implicating that the substance was considered more toxic after extrapolation when compared with the experimental observations. 

Clearly, the duration of such treatment after delivery should be as brief as possible, but there is no reason for such concern as would lead to withholding therapy one Dutch study with a 10-year follow-up detected no problems with exposed children s intellectual, motor, or social functioning compared with controls (135). 

In the light of the growing restrictions on organochlorine use, the temporal changes in commonly sampled media such as human milk and adipose tissue provide data on the efficacy of control legislation. A Dutch study has assessed... 

Dutch Studies. In a study examining emissions from MSW incinerators operating in the Netherlands, a number of emission types were measured acid, gases, organics, particulates, CO, etc.20 The relationship between particulate and PCDD/F emissions was tested. In presenting a plot of these emissions, the report stated that no really clear correlations emerge. ... 

The Dutch study notes that 20 In general, it can be concluded that low dioxin emissions... only occur at low levels of CO, CxHj, and particulates. The converse is not the case, however low CO, C Hj, and particulate levels by no means guarantee lower dioxin emissions. This qualification is important since low particulate emissions do not guarantee low PCDD/F emissions, it may not be cost-effective to insist on low particulate emissions on a particular plant if tests... 

The highest CB-77, CB-126, and CB-169 human body burden has been shown in a French study [163]. These levels are higher than what was reported in Yusho victims [33]. A Dutch study involving 198 mothers [164] and a Swedish study involving 1072 mothers (between 1972 and 1989) [165] are, so far, the largest sampled works. A study in Finland involving 237 mothers [166] indicates that the body burden in Nordic countries is more or less the same and is one of the lowest reported (Table 5). Potentially very toxic CB-126 has been reported in all the studies on human beings. Persistency of CB-169 has been confirmed and the metabolizability of CB-77 has been shown. 

I am indebted also to Erwin Hiebert of the History of Science Department at the University of Wisconsin for drawing my attention to two Dutch studies on valence, Het Ontstaan van het Begrip Valentie by A. C. W. Roodvoets (Bosch und Zoon, Utrecht, 1934), and De Ontwikkeling van het Begrip Valentie, by T. R. A. Beukema (Luctor et Emerge, Leiden, 1935), and for making these available to me. 

Specific teratogens were not identified, but as previously discussed in Sections 12.5 and 13.5, both waterborne paints and oil-based paints contain mixtures of lipophilic and hydrophilic species. Exposures to both types of paints have been associated with low level unexpected effects. Accordingly, the teratogenic results reported in the Dutch study are not surprising. 

A 1 997 Dutch study showed that up to 90 % of clients on an average daily dose of 50 mg methadone also used cocaine and heroin, and 70 % used alcohol. First results of a study, initiated by the ministerfor health, into the effect of different methadone dosages on experimental groups show that the group receiving a higher dose became more stable, their health and social skills deteriorated less frequently and even improved somewhat more often. 

The Health Service reforms in the United Kingdom in 1991 avoided this trap and used instead the cost-utility concept. Cost-effectiveness takes into account only the cost of a single standardized outcome cost-utility looks at the costs of a range of different outcomes, such as extra years of survival and improved quality of life. A Dutch study of two cholesterol-lowering drugs, for example, showed that cholestyramine cost 131,000 Dutch Guilders per year of life saved compared with simvastatin which cost 31,500 Dutch Guilders. ... 

Mulder CJ, Dekker W, Gerretsen M. Lansoprazole 30 mg versus omeprazole 40 mg in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis grad II, III and IV (a Dutch multicentre trial). Dutch Study Group. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996 8 1101-1106. 

Inclusion of Additional Studies. When reviewing the public comments on endocrine effects, the panelists listed several studies that ATSDR should consider incorporating in the toxicological profile. One panelist thought the profile should include more data from human studies, specifically the Yusho incident and the Dutch studies (Koopman-Esseboom et al. 1994 ... 

Two prospective studies from Finland demonstrate that low levels of plasma lycopene, resulting from a diet low in tomatoes, significantly increase the risk for heart attack, stroke, and early atherosclerosis among middle-aged men [57, 58]. Similarly, a Dutch study revealed a lowered risk for aortic calcification in current and former smokers with higher lycopene plasma concentrations [59]. Finally, results from a European multicenter case control study (EURAMIC) are suggestive of a protective effect of lycopene against myocardial infarction [60]. 

Lauritzen T, Griffin S, Borch-Johnsen K, Wareham NJ, Wolffenbuttel BH, Rutten G, Anglo-Danish-Dutch Study of Intensive Treatment in People with Screen Detected Diabetes in Primary Care. The ADDITION study proposed trial of the cost-effectiveness of an intensive multifactorial intervention on morbidity and mortality among people with type 2 diabetes detected by screening. Int J Obes 2000 24 (Suppl 3) S6-S11. 

In a Dutch study of 157 patients who were either undergoing treatment or recovering shortly after treatment for breast cancer, the scientists found that mental fetigue and depression were closely related. Women who underwent mastectomies, in particular, reported far more mental fatigue than those who had lumpectomies. This is not hard to understand since losing a breast—especially for women without a good support system—can be emotionally devastating. 

Box 1. Recent Dutch studies conducted on motivations of farmers to (not) convert to organic farming methods or to return to conventional farming... 

In adults the initial technical success rate of TIPS is reported to be over 95%. A Dutch study on long term outcome of TIPS in adult patients showed that the risk of definitive loss of shunt function was 17% at 5 years follow up (ter Borg et al. 2004). Heyman et al. (1999) presented literature data on 40 paediatric TIPS procedures. In this overview, six (6.6%) complications were found, and although patency was not assessed, the longest follow-up was over 800 days. 

A 1980 Dutch study estimated that damage by SO2 to monuments, libraries and archives in the Netherlands is costing 10-15 million per anmjrni. 

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