Organic pollution parameters

Pollutant parameters and their concentrations found in the oily waste subcategory streams are shown in Table 9.9. The oily waste subcategory for the metal finishing industry is characterized by both concentrated and dilute oily waste streams that consist of a mixture of free oils, emulsified oils, greases, and other assorted organics. Applicable treatment of oily waste streams is dependent on the concentration levels of the wastes, but oily wastes normally receive specific treatment for oil removal prior to solids removal waste treatment. 

Okouchi, H., Saegusa, H., Nojima, O. (1992) Prediction of environmental parameters by adsorbability index water solubilities of hydrophobic organic pollutants. Environ. Inti. 18, 249-261. 

Sorption/Desorption of Organic Pollutants from Complex Mixtures Modeling, Kinetics, Experimental Techniques and Transport Parameters... 

The main goal of this chapter is to review the most widely used modeling techniques to analyze sorption/desorption data generated for environmental systems. Since the definition of sorption/desorption (i.e., a mass-transfer mechanism) process requires the determination of the rate at which equilibrium is approached, some important aspects of chemical kinetics and modeling of sorption/desorption mechanisms for solid phase systems are discussed. In addition, the background theory and experimental techniques for the different sorption/ desorption processes are considered. Estimations of transport parameters for organic pollutants from laboratory studies are also presented and evaluated. 

Keywords. Organic pollutants, Aqueous-solid phase systems, Sorption, Desorption, Kinetics, Modeling, Transport parameters, Solid waste materials, Slow sorption/desorption, Highway materials, Remediation... 

The main objectives of this chapter are to (1) review the different modeling techniques used for sorption/desorption processes of organic pollutants with various solid phases, (2) discuss the kinetics of such processes with some insight into the interpretation of kinetic data, (3) describe the different sorption/ desorption experimental techniques, with estimates of the transport parameters from the data of laboratory tests, (4) discuss a recently reported issue regarding slow sorption/desorption behavior of organic pollutants, and finally (5) present a case study about the environmental impact of solid waste materials/complex... 

Partitioning of PCBs into other organic compound mixtures or phases found in the environment alters environmental parameters used to estimate their fate and transport. For example, dissolved phase humic substances (i.e., DPUS) can increase the apparent solubility of organic pollutants [381-390] (see Chap. 2). 

Agenson KO, Oh J-I, Urase T (2003) Retention of a wide variety of organic pollutants by different nanofiltration/reverse osmosis membranes controlling parameters of process. J Membr Sci 225 91-103... 

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is one of the most widely determined parameters in managing organic pollution. The conventional BOD test includes a 5-day incubation period, so a more expeditious and reproducible method for assessment of this parameter is required. Trichosporon cutaneum, a microorganism formerly used in waste water treatment, has also been employed to construct a BOD biosensor. The dynamic system where the sensor was implemented consisted of a 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7 saturated with dissolved oxygen which was transferred to a flow-cell at a rate of 1 mL/min. When the current reached a steady-state value, a sample was injected into the flow-cell at 0.2 mL/min. The steady-state current was found to be dependent on the BOD of the sample solution. After the sample was flushed from the flow-cell, the current of the microbial sensor gradually returned to its initial level. The response time of microbial sensors depends on the nature of the sample solution concerned. A linear relationship was foimd between the current difference (i.e. that between the initial and final steady-state currents) and the 5-day BOD assay of the standard solution up to 60 mg/L. The minimum measurable BOD was 3 mg/L. The current was reproducible within 6% of the relative error when a BOD of 40 mg/L was used over 10 experiments [128]. 

The Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is an important parameter for waste-water monitoring. It gives information about the biodegradable organic pollution in wastewater. The main disadvantage of the conventional BOD-method is the required extended investigation time, which for example takes five days for... 

Rosales E, Pazos M, Longo MA. Sanroman, MA. Influence of Operational Parameters on Electro-Fenton Degradation of Organic Pollutants from Soil. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A 2009 44 1104-1111. 

Among these factors, organic content determines the soil distribution coefficient and is an important parameter that quantifies the distribution of organic pollutants in soil. The soil distribution coefficient (K. ) is the ratio between the mass of contaminant sorbed by soil (mg/g) to the mass of contaminant in the aqueous phase (mg/mL), or ... 

Three dominant reactions during ultraviolet (UV)/ozone (03) treatment processes that effectively decompose organic pollutants are photolysis, ozonation, and reactions of hydroxyl radicals. The generation of hydroxyl radicals is essential in this oxidation process as it is the reaction between these radicals and organic compounds that can ultimately destroy organic pollutants. Physical parameters, such as temperature, pH, initial compound and ozone concentrations, UV intensity, and ozone partial pressure will also have considerable effects on the kinetic rate constants and removal efficiency of any compound. 

The QSAR models can be used to estimate the treatability of organic pollutants by SCWO. For two chemical classes such as aliphatic and aromatic compounds, the best correlation exists between the kinetic rate constants and EHOMO descriptor. The QSAR models are compiled in Table 10.13. By analyzing the behavior of the kinetic parameters on molecular descriptors, it is possible to establish a QSAR model for predicting degradation rate constants by the SCWO for organic compounds with similar molecular structure. This analysis may provide an insight into the kinetic mechanism that occurs with this technology. 

Bertoni, G., Bruner, F., Liberti, A. and Perrino, C. (1981) Some critical parameters in collection, recovery and gas chromatographic analysis of organic pollutants in ambient air using light adsorbents. Journal of Chromatography,... 

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