Operational feasibility

A decision concerning the use of a certain dispersant involves several components, including considerations of operational feasibility and regulatory policy and environmental concerns. Eleven examples of major published procedures for making oil spill-response decisions, including decisions for or against the use of chemical dispersants, have been summarized and compared in a study [635]. 

Note When 30 mil DPE is not available the M9 or M40 series mask with Tevel A protective ensemble including impregnated innerwear can be used. However, use time shall be restricted to the extent operationally feasible, and may not exceed one hour. 

The suitability of a cycle for hydrogen production depends upon the overall thermal efficiency and operational feasibility. A highly endothermic reaction step is required in a cycle to achieve effective heat-to-chemical energy conversion. For efficient mass and momentum transfer a fluid based system is preferred [96] and, ultimately, for large-scale hydrogen production other factors such as environmental effects and cost effectiveness must also be considered. 

As well as the operating conditions inside the reactor, the design features have a powerful influence on reactor performance. The type of reactor selected has an influence on efficiencies, on corrosion endurance, solids-operation feasibility, or even reactor reliability. The most important SCWO reactor configurations are listed in the following. 

Some of the possibilities are illustrated in Figures 17.13 and 17.18. Variations from a single large bed are primarily because of a need for control of temperature by appropriate heat transfer, but also for redistribution of the flow or for control of pressure drop. There are few fixed bed units that do not have some provision for heat transfer. Only when the heat of reaction is small is it possible to regulate the inlet temperature so as to make adiabatic operation feasible butane dehydrogenation, for example, is done this way. 

From equation 7.10, nf= 8. The feed flow and feed temperature control loops remove two of these and the unknown relationship specifying xf (which may be dependent upon the configuration of a plant upstream) reduces nf again by one—giving nf = 5. Hence, we require five control objectives to specify the system uniquely, i.e. to control it adequately. These will be to maintain xD (as a market requirement) and to control S, Pc, and the levels in the base of the column and the reflux accumulator (for operational feasibility). 

Perform preliminary evaluation of the technology available Refine scope of the system and confirm strategic objectives Develop a process/operating description, associated restrictions, interfaces, proposed solution, and critical operational checks/sequencing, including how Part 11 will affect and interact with the process/operation Approve the operational feasibility study Perform a preliminary Criticality and Complexity analysis... 

Using the evaluation reports, the remediation activities, available resources, and project schedule, the business cost of the remediation approach can be estimated. This will enable a business decision to be made regarding the remediation or replacement of the current system based on the cost-effectiveness of the system and its operational feasibility. 

No loss of resin to environment, high selectivity for target species, large scale operation feasible, minimal environmental effects, continuous automated operation, hydrophilic or hydro-phobic support, rapid kinetics Selectivity for target species by host carrier, large separation factors possible, rapid kinetics Minimal environmental effects, low cost... 

Specifications 1 and 2 characterize the two product streams. Specifications 3 and 4 are required for operational feasibility (i.e., we do not want... 

Operational feasibility examines the manner in which the system will achieve desired objectives. The system must solve some business problem or take advantage of opportumties. The system should make an impact on value chain activities in such a way that it supports the overall mission of the organization or addresses new regulations or laws. The system should be consistent with the operational environment of the organization and should, at worst, be mimmally disruptive to organizational procedures and policies. 

Operational feasibility (IS systems), 98 Operational information systems, 83 Operational performance decisions. 111, 112, 135-137... 

Automatic, reliable, maintenance-free operation feasible... 

The final aim of this work, through the DOM, is to obtain a demand distribution below 120% saturation line at all sectors of the scenario. This situation is considered operational feasible, given some assumptions about the duration of these saturations. Acmally, this objective has not yet been achieved, probably due the inflexibility of the considered parameters. 

The experts will review everything (logs, trip paperwork, dispatch records, company and driver receipts, credit card and phone records, electronic records, vehicle condition, etc.) to verify compliance by the driver and carrier, and the operational feasibility of the trip. What they are looking for is any place the carrier is not in compliance or below industry standards. If the attorney can prove that the carrier was not in compliance or was well below industry standards, the carrier has not followed its duty to act. This can lead to the carrier being potentially exposed to a large litigation award. 

The UNIDO Computer Model for Feasibility Analysis and Reporting. User licenses may be obtained from the UNIDO Department of Industrial Operations, Feasibility Studies Branch. 

The advantages of sanibatch processing do not imply that continuous processing has been neglected as a means of achieving higher production rates at lower costs. On the other hand, considerable research is being devoted to make continuous operation feasible in the near future. 

The use of nuclear reactors to drive ships has been promoted particularly among nautical nations. Commercial marine reactors include the Savannah in the USA, the Otto Hahn in Germany, and the Mutsu in Japan. They experienced marine operation but unfortunately the development had been cancelled after several years. Nuclear-powered ships require fi ee access to ports in the world, but unfortunately there were no sufficient number of ports to make the marine reactor s operation feasible. Some countries had accepted to prepare the ports, but doing this would still take time. 

There are several reasons for oil recovery not being feasible (a) people are not motivated enough to resort to simple home-methods of oil extraction (b) the seed may be too hard or the oil content may be too low to make the operation feasible (c) some of the oils are poorly digested, of low nutritional quality or even toxic to some people (d) some highly desirable fats or oils are found in plants that are not grown in sufficient quantities to warrant building processing plants. The initial cost of the nuts and their preparation for oil recovery, as compared with other sources, does not normally justify the operation. Oil millers cannot pay fresh-market prices for nuts to extract oil. Since about 1950, the author has known several instances where it was feasible to commercially recover oil from nuts. 

Fixed-bed filters have been successfiilly applied for the removal of As in the developing world (Bissen et ah, 2003 Sperlich et ah, 2005). These filters are simple to operated, feasible for small scale requirements, cost-effective, and normally have low maintenance. Additionally, no dosing of chemicals is required and the amount of residuals is low when adsorbents with high adsorption capacities are used. 

The orthophosphate dosing scenario A with M = 0.02 and = 30 is typical of many optimised systems in the UK and should be achievable with a relatively low orthophosphate dose. It is predicted that LCR compliance would be achieved, based on the first litre drawn after stagnation, but not if compliance was based on further sequential samples. This is also the case with B when M= 0.015 and E = 22.5. To achieve LCR compliance based on sequential sampUng would require M= 0.01 and =15 (scenario C), likely to be at the extreme range of orthophosphate s abihty to suppress lead solvency. Laboratory plumbosolvency testing will be necessary to confirm the orthophosphate dosing response of the water in City A (i.e. the doses required for scenarios A, B and C), and would help to confirm these comphance predictions (which would be subject to operational feasibility). 

The operational feasibility of a transition to orthophosphate dosing would first need to be confirmed. 

City A was found to be intermediate with 5.2% > 10 pg/1 and there may be scope for further reductions in lead concentrations, subject to operational feasibility. 

Computational compliance modelling has given a preliminary indication that there is scope to further reduce lead concentrations in City A by orthophosphate dosing, but operational feasibility would first need to be confirmed. Computational compliance modelling indicates that the current plumbosolvency control treatment measures in City B are close to optimum by pH elevation alone. 

---