Oleyl

Fig. XIV-3. Steric effects in the penetration of sodium cetyl sulfate monolayers by cetyl alcohol and oleyl alcohol.

The importance of steric factors in the formation of penetration complexes is made evident by the observation that although sodium cetyl sulfate plus cetyl alcohol gives an excellent emulsion, the use of oleyl alcohol instead of cetyl alcohol leads to very poor emulsions. As illustrated in Fig. XIV-3, the explanation may lie in the difficulty in accommodating the kinked oleyl alcohol chain in the film. 

The free acids are obtained upon acidification. Fata usually consist of mixtures of glycerides. The term wax is usually applied to esters of fatty acids with other alcohols such as cetyl alcohol CH3(CH2),4CHjOH and oleyl alcohol CH3(CHj),CH=CH(CHj),CH30H. 

The addition of about 0-2 g. of an emulsifying agent, such as sodium lauryl or oleyl sulphate, assists in reducing the time required for complete saponification a large flask should be used since there is usually considerable foaming. 

What fatty acids are produced on hydrolysis of 2 oleyl 1 3... 

Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals. The main use of hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol) is in cosmetics (qv) and pharmaceuticals (qv), where it and octadecanol (stearyl alcohol) are used extensively as emoUient additives and as bases for creams, Hpsticks, ointments, and suppositories. Octadecenol (oleyl alcohol) is also widely used (47), as are the nonlinear alcohols. The compatibiHty of heavy cut alcohols and other cosmetic materials or active dmg agents, their mildness, skin feel, and low toxicity have made them the preferred materials for these appHcations. Higher alcohols and their derivatives are used in conditioning shampoos, in other personal care products, and in ingested materials such as vitamins (qv) and sustained release tablets (see Controlled RELEASE technology). 

Sherex, Mapleton, Ik., U.S. 7 oleyl alcohol, -C g tallow, soybean ok... 

Sulfation by sulfamic acid has been used ia the preparation of detergents from dodecyl, oleyl, and other higher alcohols. It is also used ia sulfating phenols and phenol—ethylene oxide condensation products. Secondary alcohols react ia the presence of an amide catalyst, eg, acetamide or urea (24). Pyridine has also been used. Tertiary alcohols do not react. Reactions with phenols yield phenyl ammonium sulfates. These reactions iaclude those of naphthols, cresol, anisole, anethole, pyrocatechol, and hydroquinone. Ammonium aryl sulfates are formed as iatermediates and sulfonates are formed by subsequent rearrangement (25,26). 

Sulfur trioxide reactivity can also be moderated through the use of SO adducts. The reactivity of such complexes is inversely proportional to their stabihty, and consequentiy they can be selected for a wide variety of conditions. Whereas moderating SO reactivity by adducting agents is generally beneficial, the agents add cost and may contribute to odor and possible toxicity problems in derived products. CeUulosic material has been sulfated with SO.—trimethyl amine adduct in aqueous media at 0 to 5°C (16). Sulfur trioxide—triethyl phosphate has been used to sulfonate alkenes to the corresponding alkene sulfonate (17). Sulfur trioxide—pyridine adduct sulfates oleyl alcohol with no attack of the double bond (18). 

In the same class of polymers, an antistat can exhibit different degrees of effectiveness. As seen in Table 6 the performance of ethoxylated oleyl amine varies among polyolefins. The data for polypropylene (PP) also shows the concentration dependence of antistats. 

Table 6. Effect of Ethoxylated Oleyl Amines on Static Decay in Polyolefins...

Epilation is required for permanent hair removal. The most effective epilation process is electrolysis or a similar procedure. Epilation can also be achieved by pulling the fibers out of the skin. Eor this purpose, wax mixtures (rosia and beeswax) are blended with Hpids, for example, oleyl oleate, which melt at a suitable temperature (about 50—55°C). The mixture is appHed to the site (a cloth tape may be melted iato the mass) and after cooling is rapidly pulled off the skin. A similar process can be carried out with a tape impregnated with an aggressive adhesive. 

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