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Polyethylene carboxylation

Several organic sealants such as epoxy resins, butyl rubber or silicones prove to be more or less permeable and the tiny amount of solvent in the cell is rapidly lost. Suitable organic sealing materials for this technology turn out to be thermoplastic materials, like polyethylene/carboxylate copolymers. So far, Surlyn 1702 ionomer from Dupont has been the main substance used to optimize cell performance and build module prototypes. However, the softening point of Surlyn is rather low (65° C) and at elevated temperatures (> 70°C), serious solvent loss is observed because the bond between Surlyn and TCO-coated glass is substantially weakened [7]. [Pg.281]

Fig. 3 Polyethylene oligomers with terminal ligands useful in catalysis diphenylphosphi-nated polyethylene 6 [25] polyethyldiarylphosphite 7 [30] carboxylated polyethylene 8 [25, 31-33] a chiral polyethylene carboxylate 9 [34] polyethyltriarylphosphite 10 [35] polyethylene-bound benzo-15-crown-5 11 [36] polyethylene- -poly(ethylene glycol)-bound tetraethyl diethyleneamine 12 [38] and polyethylene-bound pyridyl ligand 13 [39]... Fig. 3 Polyethylene oligomers with terminal ligands useful in catalysis diphenylphosphi-nated polyethylene 6 [25] polyethyldiarylphosphite 7 [30] carboxylated polyethylene 8 [25, 31-33] a chiral polyethylene carboxylate 9 [34] polyethyltriarylphosphite 10 [35] polyethylene-bound benzo-15-crown-5 11 [36] polyethylene- -poly(ethylene glycol)-bound tetraethyl diethyleneamine 12 [38] and polyethylene-bound pyridyl ligand 13 [39]...
Ferguson, G., Whitesides, G. Thermal reconstruction of the functionalized interface of polyethylene carboxylic acid and its derivatives. In Schrader, M., Loeb, G. (eds.) Modem Approaches to Wettability, pp. 143-177. Springer, New York (1992)... [Pg.137]

Wilson, M. D. Whitesides, G. M. The anthranilate amide of polyethylene carboxylic-acid shows an exceptionally large change with Ph in its wettability by water. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988,110, 8718-8719. [Pg.406]

Ethyl indole-2-carboxylate (45.2 g, 0.238 mmol) was dissolved in abs. EtOH (450 ml) in a 11 polyethylene container and cooled in a dry icc-cthanol bath. The solution was saturated with dry HCl gas until the volume increased to 875 ml, Granular tin metal (84.2g, 0.7l0mmol) was added to the slurry and... [Pg.145]

Carbon Cha.in Backbone Polymers. These polymers may be represented by (4) and considered derivatives of polyethylene, where n is the degree of polymeriza tion and R is (an alkyl group or) a functional group hydrogen (polyethylene), methyl (polypropylene), carboxyl (poly(acryhc acid)), chlorine (poly(vinyl chloride)), phenyl (polystyrene) hydroxyl (poly(vinyl alcohol)), ester (poly(vinyl acetate)), nitrile (polyacrylonitrile), vinyl (polybutadiene), etc. The functional groups and the molecular weight of the polymers, control thek properties which vary in hydrophobicity, solubiUty characteristics, glass-transition temperature, and crystallinity. [Pg.478]

Chemically Modified Waxes. Hydrocarbon waxes of the microcrystaHine, polyethylene, and polymethylene classes are chemically modified to meet specific market needs. In the vast majority of cases, the first step is air oxidation of the wax with or without catalysts (11). The product has an acid number usuaHy no higher than 30 and a saponification number usuaHy no lower than 25. An alternative step is the reaction of the wax with a polycarboxyHc acid, eg, maleic, at high temperature (12). Through its carboxyl groups, the oxidised wax can be further modified in such reactions as saponification or esterification. Oxidised wax is easily emulsified in water through the use of surfactants or simple soaps, and is widely used in many coating and poHsh appHcations. [Pg.317]

Low surface energy substrates, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, are generally difficult to bond with adhesives. However, cyanoacrylate-based adhesives can be effectively utilized to bond polyolefins with the use of the proper primer/activa-tor on the surface. Primer materials include tertiary aliphatic and aromatic amines, trialkyl ammonium carboxylate salts, tetraalkyl ammonium salts, phosphines, and organometallic compounds, which are initiators for alkyl cyanoacrylate polymerization [33-36]. The primer is applied as a dilute solution to the polyolefin surface, solvent is allowed to evaporate, and the specimens are assembled with a small amount of the adhesive. With the use of primers, adhesive strength can be so strong that substrate failure occurs during the course of the shear tests, as shown in Fig. 11. [Pg.862]

Thermal aging is another simple pretreatment process that can effectively improve adhesion properties of polymers. Polyethylene becomes wettable and bondable by exposing to a blast of hot ( 500°C) air [47]. Melt-extruded polyethylene gets oxidized and as a result, carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroperoxide groups are introduced onto the surface [48]. [Pg.527]

ATBN - amine terminated nitrile rubber X - Flory Huggins interaction parameter CPE - carboxylated polyethylene d - width at half height of the copolymer profile given by Kuhn statistical segment length DMAE - dimethyl amino ethanol r - interfacial tension reduction d - particle size reduction DSC - differential scanning calorimetry EMA - ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer ENR - epoxidized natural rubber EOR - ethylene olefin rubber EPDM - ethylene propylene diene monomer EPM - ethylene propylene monomer rubber EPR - ethylene propylene rubber EPR-g-SA - succinic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene rubber... [Pg.682]

Sorbitan esters of fatty acids are well known. Similar products can be made from ether carboxylic acids and sorbitol without an acid catalyst with a good color [39]. The advantage of these products is that the hydrophilicity can be adjusted by the polyethylene glycol content in the ether carboxylic acid. [Pg.320]

Binger and Hanna [76] have considered the alignment of 4-n-octyl-2-flurophenyl-4-n-octyloxybiphenyl-4 -carboxylate (MBF) and 8CB at room temperature on the (110) surface of polyethylene and the (100) surface of nylon. They find that alignment of both molecules is dominated by the behaviour of the flexible tails that prefer to align parallel between two polymer chains. This forces the mesogenic core to straddle one or more chains. This is illustrated in Fig. 4 for the specific case of MBF on the (110) surface of... [Pg.53]

Polyanhydrides are susceptible to interchange reactions with carboxyl groups in analogy to (I) and (II). Polymeric dimethylsiloxanes readily interchange in the presence of sulfuric acid by a mechanism which may be presumed to involve cations. In some polymers the interunit linkage is too stable to enter readily into interchange reactions. Such an example is polyethylene oxide... [Pg.90]

Carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol Combination of a cellulose ether with clay Amide-modified carboxyl-containing polysaccharide Sodium aluminate and magnesium oxide Thermally stable hydroxyethylcellulose 30% ammonium or sodium thiosulfate and 20% hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) Acrylic acid copolymer and oxyalkylene with hydrophobic group Copolymers acrylamide-acrylate and vinyl sulfonate-vinylamide Cationic polygalactomannans and anionic xanthan gum Copolymer from vinyl urethanes and acrylic acid or alkyl acrylates 2-Nitroalkyl ether-modified starch Polymer of glucuronic acid... [Pg.12]

For an analogous reaction of ferrocene carboxylic acid with polyethylene glycol) see reference [172]. [Pg.73]

Imidazole carboxylates of polyethylene glycols prepared with CDI react with amines to give polyethylene glycols (PEG) with carbamate end groups.12071 For example, PEG-... [Pg.142]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.214 , Pg.215 ]




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Carboxylated polyethylene

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