Oleate salt

OLEATE. Salt made up of a metal or alkaloid with oleic acid. It is used for external medications and in soaps and paints. 

Crowley, K.J. Forbes, R.T. York, P. Nyqvist, H. Camber, O. Oleate salt formation and mesomorphic behavior in the propanolo/oleic acid binary system. J. Pharm. Sci. 1999, 88, 586-591. 

Other simple nickel salts of organic acids include the oxalate [20543-06-0] oleate [68538-38-5], and stearate [2223-95-2]. The latter two have been used as oil-soluble nickel forms in the dyeing of synthetic polyolefin fibers (see Driers and metallic soaps). Nickel oxalate has been used as a catalyst intermediate (59). 

Metals. Transition-metal ions, such as iron, copper, manganese, and cobalt, when present even in small amounts, cataly2e mbber oxidative reactions by affecting the breakdown of peroxides in such a way as to accelerate further attack by oxygen (36). Natural mbber vulcani2ates are especially affected. Therefore, these metals and their salts, such as oleates and stearates, soluble in mbber should be avoided. 

Cobalt(II) acetylacetonate [14024-48-7] cobalt(II) ethyUiexanoate [136-52-7] cobalt(II) oleate [14666-94-5] cobalt(II) linoleate [14666-96-7] cobalt(II) formate [6424-20-0], and cobalt(II) resinate can be produced by metathesis reaction of cobalt salt solutions and the sodium salt of the organic acid, by oxidation of cobalt metal in the presence of the acid, and by neutralization of the acid using cobalt carbonate or cobalt hydroxide. 

Cobalt in Driers for Paints, Inks, and Varnishes. The cobalt soaps, eg, the oleate, naphthenate, resinate, Hnoleate, ethyUiexanoate, synthetic tertiary neodecanoate, and tall oils, are used to accelerate the natural drying process of unsaturated oils such as linseed oil and soybean oil. These oils are esters of unsaturated fatty acids and contain acids such as oleic, linoleic, and eleostearic. On exposure to air for several days a film of the acids convert from Hquid to soHd form by oxidative polymeri2ation. The incorporation of oil-soluble cobalt salts effects this drying process in hours instead of days. Soaps of manganese, lead, cerium, and vanadium are also used as driers, but none are as effective as cobalt (see Drying). 

In a study of the adsorption of soap and several synthetic surfactants on a variety of textile fibers, it was found that cotton and nylon adsorbed less surfactant than wool under comparable conditions (59). Among the various surfactants, the cationic types were adsorbed to the greatest extent, whereas nonionic types were adsorbed least. The adsorption of nonionic surfactants decreased with increasing length of the polyoxyethylene chain. When soaps were adsorbed, the fatty acid and the aLkaU behaved more or less independently just as they did when adsorbed on carbon. The adsorption of sodium oleate by cotton has been shown independently to result in the deposition of acid soap (a composition intermediate between the free fatty acid and the sodium salt), if no heavy-metal ions are present in the system (60). In hard water, the adsorbate has large proportions of lime soap. 

The addition of an ester sulfonate of an unsaturated fatty acid improves the rinsing properties in washing tests. A mixture of 50% sodium methyl a-sulfostearate and 50% sodium salt of sulfonated methyl oleate (30 70 mono-sulfonate/polysulfonate ratio) was used [83]. 

There is specificity of the antioxidant action in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst. The kinetics of ionol retarding action on the oxidation of fuel T-6 catalyzed by the copper powder and homogeneous catalyst copper oleate was studied in Ref. [12]. Copper oleate appeared to be very active homogeneous catalyst it was found to catalyze the autoxidation of T-6 in such small concentration as 10 6 mol L-1 (T = 398 K). The kinetics of autoxidation catalyzed by copper salt obeys the parabolic law (see Chapter 4) ... 

An important qualitative conclusion, which agrees with experience, can immediately be drawn from the theoretical considerations we have developed. A small quantity of dissolved substance may reduce the surface tension very considerably, but can only increase it slightly. Thus, sodium chloride increases the surface tension of water to a small extent the concentration in the surface layer is accordingly smaller than in the bulk and the effect of the solute is thus counteracted. On the other hand, many organic salts, e.g., the oleates, reduce the surface tension and therefore accumulate in the surface layer, so that, in extreme cases, the whole of the solute may be collected there and produce a considerable effect, although the absolute quantity may be exceedingly slight. 

Fusion of zinc oxide with fatty acids at elevated temperatures produces fatty salts. Thus, fusion with oleic or linoleic acid forms zinc oleate, Zn(Ci7H33COO)2, or zinc linoleate, Zn(Ci7H3iCOO)2. 

Molality Neutral colloid Neutral salt Ionic micelle Oleate anion Alkali ion... 

Addition of dampproofers based on caprylic, capric or stearic acids, stearates or wax emulsions do not have any effect on the setting characteristics of hydration products of Portland cement. However, the unsaturated fatty acid salts, such as oleates, although not affecting the tricalcium silicate hydration, have a marked effect on the ettringite and monosulfate reaction [12] and this is illustrated in the isothermal calorimetry results in Fig. 4.4. It is possible that a calcium oleoaluminate hydrate complex is formed involving the double bond of the oleic acid. 

The salts of fatty acids (not naturally occurring) have long been known to have insecticidal properties. The most effective potassium salts center around oleate in the monounsaturated and saturated series, although potassium caprate (Cio) was especially active against Choristoneura occidentalis (Western spruce budworm) and Acleris gloverana (Western blackheaded budworm) (117). 

Prepare a little magnesium oleate by treating a solution of sodium oleate with magnesium sulfate. Carefully wash the precipitate free from soluble impurities and dry at about 110°. Suspend 1 g. of the dry salt in 100 cc. of benzene and provide the flask with a reflux condenser. Boil until solution is obtained. Possibly the product is a colloidal dispersion rather than a very perfect solution. It has been found that a very little sodium oleate mixed with the magnesium oleate rendered the emulsions more permanent. 

Oxidation of Cyclohexane. The synthesis of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone is the first step in the transformation of cyclohexane to adipic acid, an important compound in the manufacture of fibers and plastics. Cyclohexane is oxidized industrially by air in the liquid phase to a mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone.866 872-877 Cobalt salts (naphthenate, oleate, stearate) produce mainly cyclohexanone at about 100°C and 10 atm. The conversion is limited to about 10% to avoid further oxidation by controlling the oxygen content of the reaction mixture. Combined yields of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone are about 60-70%. 

The remedy is the substitution of soap, which, by its slight excess of alkali, rendering soluble in and miscible with water all the dirty grease of the clothos and oily sxudations from the pores of the skin, is at the same time detersive Itself for, though composed of oil and alkali in a state of combination, it still possesses the influence of the lattar without any of its hurtfulness. Oleate of oxide of lead, formerly called lead soap, is insoluble, and constitutes the diachylon plaster of pharmacy. The analogous salts of zinc and lime, formerly termed zinc soap and lime soap, are also insoluble. 

Interaction in Bulk of Monoolein, Oleic Acid, and Sodium Oleate with Dilute, Micellar Bile Salt Solutions... 

This paper considers the interaction of monoolein, oleic acid, and sodium oleate with bile salt solution in model systems whose compositions have been chosen to simulate those which may occur in small intestinal content. In addition, the behavior of several monoglyceride analogs has been examined to determine the influence of the type of polar head of the lipid on its dispersion by bile salts. Finally, titration experiments were performed to measure the extent of ionization of oleic acid in such systems. 

Figure I. Phase equilibria for varying molar ratios of oleic acid, sodium oleate, and monoolein in bile salt and sodium lauryl taurate...

For this water concentration, the micellar region for the bile salt mixture is large for all oleyl compounds except oleic acid. Oleic acid is distinguished from the other compounds in that it does not form a lyotropic liquid crystalline phase spontaneously in water and, similarly, is present as oil droplets in bile salt solution when its micellar solubility is exceeded. Figure 1 shows also that the micellar area of an equimolar mixture of monoolein and sodium oleate is considerably greater than that of an equimolar mixture of monoolein and oleic acid, indicating that fatty acid ionization also enhances micellar solubility when monoolein is present. The equimolar mixture of sodium oleate and oleic acid has a micellar area similar in size to that of monoolein, as does the equimolar combination of all three compounds. 

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