Ointment nasal

In the past, mercurous chloride was widely used in medicinal products such as laxatives, worming medications, and teething powders. These older medicines should be properly disposed of and replaced with safer and more effective medicines. Other chemicals containing mercury, such as mercurochrome and thimerosal (sold as Merthiolate and other brands), are still used as antiseptics or as preservatives in eye drops, eye ointments, nasal sprays, and vaccines. Some... 

Ointment apply 3 times daily for 3-5 d Cream apply 3 times daily for 10 d Nasal divide the single-use tube between both nostrils and apply twice daily for 5 d... 

Menthol, also known as peppermint oil, is used widely in toothpastes, mouthwashes, gum, sore-throat lozenges, lip balms, and nasal decongestants. For topical analgesic use, it is available in creams, lotions, ointment, and patches. The patches can be trimmed to fit the affected area. 

Its contract manufacturing is categorized in two different areas (i) topical compositions, which resemble traditional creams, lotions, and ointments in appearance and use, and (ii) liquid compositions that can be absorbed sublingually, nasal spray products, or liquid ingestion products. 

The provision of optimal drug action from topical administration sites (such as ointments, creams, transdermal patches, ophthalmic, ear, and nasal preparations)... 

Ophthalmic, nasal, and oral inhalation preparations Appearance, color, consistency, pH, clarity (solutions), particle size and resuspendibility (suspensions, ointments), strength, and sterility... 

The inclusion of the a routine microbial limit test in a marketed product stability protocol depends on the pharmaceutical dosage form. Typically, the test would be used only for nonsterile products, especially oral liquids, nasal sprays, and topical liquids, lotions, and creams that have sufficient water activity to support the growth of microorganisms. In contrast, tablets, powder- and liquid-filled capsules, topical ointments, vaginal and rectal suppositories, nonaqueous liquids and inhalation aerosols with a water activity too low to allow for the product to support the growth of microorganisms would not be routinely tested. 

Triamcinolone is a corticosteroid that is more potent than hydrocortisone and has a longer duration of action. Triamcinolone has only slight mineralocorticoid activity, whereas hydrocortisone has high mineralocorticoid activity and therefore triamcinolone is unsuitable for disease suppression on a long-term basis. Triamcinolone is available as injection, dental paste, nasal spray and as cream or ointment preparations. Hydrocortisone is available as cream, tablets and injections. 

Shin disease Topical Apply cream, lotion, or ointment to affected area once a day Nasal polyp Nasal spray 2 sprays in each nostril twice a day... 

Relief of dry and inflamed nasal membranes Intranasal Use as needed Diagnostic aid in ophthalmoscopic exam, treatment of corneal edema Ophthalmic solution Apply 1-2 drops q3-4h. Ophthalmic ointment Apply once a day or as directed. 

In case of corneal application (in the form of ointments, drops), the drug may penetrate the anterior chamber and affect the ciliary muscle. The nasal mucosa is treated with drug solution in the form of spray or irrigation. 

Intranasal mupirocin in Bactroban Nasal ointment for eliminating nasal carriage of S aureus may be associated with irritation of mucous membranes caused by the polyethylene glycol vehicle. Mupirocin is not appreciably absorbed systemically after topical application to intact skin. 

High ophthalmic solutions and suspensions, trans-dermal ointments and patches, nasal aerosols and sprays... 

Imidazoline derivatives Capsules, ointments, and nasal drops 312... 

Topical antibiotics are typically available as ointments and are excellent for use on open wounds. Coupled with the antibacterial action of the antibiotic ingredient, topical antibiotic ointments provide a safe and effective option in wound healing. In addition, topical antibiotics are effective for the localized treatment of primary and secondary pyodermas with minimal systemic side effects.14 Prophylactic uses include application for traumatic and surgical wounds, burns, intravascular catheters, and eradication of S. aureus nasal carriage.16 42 The advantage of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of eczematous skin will be discussed in the following article considering AD as an example. 

Beclomethasone dipropionate is also used as a nasal spray in the prophylaxis and treatment of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, and is used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is generally applied as a cream or ointment. Beclomethasone salicylate has also been used topically. 

Topical dosage forms such as creams, emulsions, gels, lotions, ointments, pastes, and powders may be marketed in plastic materials. Topical dosage formulations are for local (not systemic) effect and are generally applied to the skin or oral mucosal surfaces. Some vaginal and rectal creams and nasal, otic, and ophthalmic solutions may be considered for topical drug products. 

Highest High Inhalation aerosols and solutions injection injectable suspensions Ophthalmic solutions and suspensions transdermal ointments and patches nasal aerosols and sprays Sterile powders and powders for injections and inhalation powders ... 

Figure 15-1 Percent reduction in corneal thickness after application of 5% sodium chloride ointment (triangles = central unfilled circles = nasal filled circles = temporal). (Modified from the American Journal of Ophthalmology 1971 71 847-853. Copyright The Ophthalmic Publishing Company.)...

Uses. Sodium fusidate is a valuable drug for treating severe staphylococcal infections, including osteomyelitis and is available as i.v. and oral preparations. In an ointment or gel, sodium fusidate is used topically for staphylococcal skin infection and as a cream is applied to eradicate the staphylococcal nasal carrier state. Another gel preparation is used for topical application to the eye this contains such a high fusidic acid concentration that it possesses useful activity against most bacteria that cause conjunctivitis, not only staphylococci. 

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