Ointment coloring

The NF and reagent grades are employed in the pharmaceutical industry which makes use of benzyl alcohol s local anesthetic, antiseptic, and solvent properties (17—20). It also finds use in cough symps and drops ophthalmic solutions bum, dental (21), and insect repeUant solutions and ointments and dermatological aerosol sprays. It is used in nail lacquers and as a color developer in hair dyes by the cosmetics industry (22), and in acne treatment preparations (23). 

Haut-entglftungsmlttel, n. skin decontaminant, -entgiftungssalbe, /. decontaminating ointment. -farbe, /. color of the skin, -farb-stoff, m. skin pigment, -gift, n. (Mil.) skin poison, vesicant. 

Topical creams, ointments, lotions, solutions, and gels Appearance, color, homogeneity, odor, pH, resuspendibility (lotions), consistency, particle-size distribution, strength, and weight loss... 

Ophthalmic, nasal, and oral inhalation preparations Appearance, color, consistency, pH, clarity (solutions), particle size and resuspendibility (suspensions, ointments), strength, and sterility... 

In most cases, ointments, suppositories, ophthalmic, and parenteral products assume the color of their ingredients and do not contain color additives. In addition to esthetics and the certification status of a dye, a formulation pharmacist must select the dyes to be used in a particular formula on the basis of the physical and chemical properties of the dyes available. Of prime importance is the solubility of a prospective dye in the vehicle to be used for a liquid formulation or in a solvent to be employed during a pharmaceutical process (such as when the dye is sprayed on a batch of tablets). In general, most dyes are broadly grouped into those that are water-soluble and those that are oil-soluble few, if any, dyes are both. 

Uses Manufacture of esters for use in perfumes, flavors, soaps, lotions, ointments photographic developer for color movie films dying nylon filament, textiles, and sheet plastics solvent for dyestuffs, cellulose, esters, casein, waxes, etc. heat-sealing polyethylene films bacteriostat, insect repellant emulsions ballpoint pen inks and stencil inks surfactant. 

The development of a standarized analysis strategy using ion-pair extraction from basic drugs have been reported [23]. This approach has been used to assay basic drugs in syrups, ointments, emulsions, and suppositories. Ion-pair formation with tri- -octylamine extracted colorants from syrups, oral suspension, tablets, gelatin capsules, suppositories, and granules [25]. 

Turmeric. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a member of the ginger family and has traditionally been used as a spice that adds flavor and color to mustard and curry powder. It comes from India and southern Asia, where the stalk of the plant is scalded, dried, and made into a powder, tablet, capsule, ointment, cream, lotion, or tea. The best-characterized ingredient of turmeric is a substance called curcumin. Curcumin is an antioxidant that also causes certain cells in the body to release steroids such as cortisol, which help fight inflammation... 

Stearyl Alcohol Reduction of ethyl stearate in the presence of lithium aluminum hydride yields stearyl alcohol, which contains not less than 90% of 1-octadecanol. It is available as flakes or granules which are white in color and possesses a characteristic odor. It is insoluble in water and melts at 55-60 °C. Stearyl alcohol has stiffening, viscosity-enhancing, and emollient properties and hence is used in the preparation of hydrophobic ointments and creams. Its weak emulsifying properties help in improving the water-holding capacity of ointments. Hypersensitivity reactions are sometimes observed due to the presence of some minor impurities. Stearyl alcohol preparations are compatible with acids and alkalis and are preserved in well-closed containers in a cool and dry place [6]. 

Zinc oxide (ZnO, wurtzite structure) eliminates oxygen on heating to form nonstoichio-metric colored phases, Zni+xO with x < 70 ppm. ZnO is almost transparent and is used as white pigment, polymer stabilizer, emollient in zinc ointments, creams and lotions, as well as in the production of Zu2Si04 for TV screens. A major application is in the rubber industry to lower the temperatures and to raise the rate of vulcanization. Furthermore, it is an n-type semiconductor (band gap 3.37 eV) and shows piezoelectric properties, making zinc oxide useful for microsensor devices and micromachined actuators. Other applications include gas sensors , solar cell windows and surface acoustic devices. ZnO has also been considered for spintronic application because of theoretical predictions of room-temperature ferromagnetism . 

Safflower florets were used to color ceremonial ointments in Egyptian tombs (10). The Journal of American College of Toxicology published a report on the safety of safflower oil in 1981. The article concluded that safflower oil was safe as a cosmetic ingredient in the current practices of use (180). Oleic safflower is considered equally safe, and safflower oil was found to be nonallergenic (181). 

Both dyes and pigments can be used for coloring ointments and salves, depending on the vehicle. Pigments are preferred because they will not migrate to the surface. To incorporate the pigments into the system, it may be necessary to blend the pigment and the product on a roll or ointment mill. 

Oil absorption is a measure of the amount of oil necessary to wet out a pigment particle such that each particle becomes enclosed in a shell of oil. The amount of oil required depends on the surface area of the pigment and the porosity of the particle. This property probably has more application in the paint industry than in coloring pharmaceuticals. It may be of some limited value in producing ointments and salves. 

Because it is chemically inert, impermeable, strong, and rigid, glass has FDA clearance and is the ideal container for most drug products. With the proper closure system, it provides an excellent barrier to practically every element except light. Opaque jars are used to protect light-sensitive products and are available as porcelain white or dark green or amber in color. Commercially available empty ointment jars vary in size from 0.5 ounce to 1 pound. 

Severe methemoglobinemia was suspected in a 1-year-old infant after topical application of 10% benzocaine ointment around an enterostomy on postoperative day 3 the Sp02 was 90% and arterial blood was dark red in color (9). 

Synonyms Argobase EU wool alcohols ointment. Appearance white-colored ointment if prepared using white petrolatum, a yellow-colored ointment if yellow petrolatum is used in its preparation. 

Thimerosal, USP. (o-Carboxyphcnyl)-thioJelhylmer-cury. sodium salt (Merthiolate) is a cream-colored, water-soluble powder. It is non.staining and nonirrilating to tissues. Thimerosal is a weakly bacleriostatic antiseptic that is tip-plied topically in ointments or aqueous. solutions. 

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