Oiling-off

Increasing lean oil rate. This rate is often limited by the debutanizer hydraulic and reboiling/cooling capacity. A 50% increase in lean oil/off-gas ratio increases Cj s recovery about 2%. 

Use splash guards and protective clothing (impervious aprons with detachable absorbent fronts will keep oil off body and prevent it dripping onto feet)... 

Levels of contamination in used oils may vary widely, depending on different types of uses or length of use. Recognizing this fact, U.S. EPA has established a set of criteria, called used oil specifications (Table 12.2), to evaluate the potential hazards posed by used oil when burned for energy recovery. Used oil that is tested and is not within these set of parameters is termed off-specification used oil. Off-specification used oil may be burned for energy recovery, but it is strictly regulated. Such used oil may only be burned in... 

Thirteen months after the spill in 1988 of 230,000 gallons of Bunker C fuel oil off the Washington coast, only trace levels of oil were found in surface sediments (Strand et al. 1992). 

Suppose your apartment has a 50 gallon hot water heater and your shower uses 10 gallons per minute. The water in the tank initially is at 120°F and the supply water is at 60°F. The heater has an oil-off control and requires 1 h to heat 60°F water to 120°F. 

When we cool a liquid off, its viscosity markedly increases. I cannot generalize—it depends on the fluid. But I can say that increasing the viscosity of a fluid from 2 to 40 cP could reduce the observed heat-transfer efficiency (U) from 100 to 25.1 know this from my experience in preheating cold, viscous, Venezuelan crude oil, off-loaded from tankers. 

Butter has a limited plastic range. At refrigerator temperature ( 1-0°C), butter behaves essentially as a solid and lacks spreadability, whereas at room temperature (21-25°C), it oils off and exhibits moisture exudation. 

The lithium should be added in the form of very small pieces. The pieces are most conveniently prepared as follows. Trim the oxide layer off a small block of lithium metal under mineral oil, grip it with tweezers and rinse the mineral oil off in a beaker of dry ether. Hold the block in the ether vapors momentarily to dry, and then plunge it into a tared beaker of mineral oil for weighing. Cut the block into strips with a sharp knife, remove the pieces one by one, and squeeze them into long flat ribbons with pliers which are frequently dipped into the mineral oil. Cut the ribbons into short sections over another beaker of dry ether, swirl and transfer the pieces to a third beaker of ether to wash off the last traces of mineral oil before adding the lithium to the reaction flask. 

For as long as it has been known that waste tires harbor mosquitoes, it has been known they pose a fire hazard. Tire fires are particularly bad because of the difficulty in extinguishing them. This is because of the 75 percent void space present in a whole waste tire, which makes it difficult to either quench the fire with water or cut off the oxygen supply. Water on tire fires often increases the production of pyrolytic oil and provides a mode of transportation to carry the oils off-site and speed up contamination of soils and water. 

The bare wire is unwound, sometimes by a controlled tension device, and is preheated to a temperature above the Tg or Tm of the polymer to be extruded this is done so that the layer next to the bare wire adheres to it, and to drive moisture or oils off the conductor surface. The wire is fed in the back of the cross-heat die and into a guider tube. Upon exiting the guider, it meets the molten plastic, which covers it circumferentially. Since the wire speed, which is controlled by a capstan at the end of the line, is usually higher than the average melt velocity, a certain amount of drawdown is imposed on the melt anywhere from a value slightly greater than unity to 4. 

Regardless of the pump oil used, the vapor pressure of a pump oil (off the shelf) is seldom the limiting factor in the potential vacuum a mechanical pump can achieve. For example, when diffusion pump oils are used in mechanical pumps, they tend to exhibit a decreased ability to pull a vacuum due to the partial pressure of the dissolved gases within the pump oil. Thus, due to the heat of the pump and contamination in the oil, the vapor pressure of the oil can be greater than its stated pressure by a factor of 10 to 100. 

Shimizu et al. (1980) reported that removal of the polar head of phospholipids in the milk fat globule membrane by phospholipase C results in oiling-off thus, it appears that the polar head of the phospholipids plays an important role in the stability of milk fat globules against coalescence. 

Kindstedt, P.S., Rippe, J.K. 1990. Rapid quantitative test for free oil (oiling off) in melted... 

Place the samples obtained at the end of Day 1 at room temperature and allow them to thaw. Remove the mineral oil from the four PCR reactions by poking the tip of the P-200 Pipet-man down through the mineral oil to the bottom of each tube. Draw up the bottom (aqueous) phase into the tip up to the level of the mineral oil. Remove the tip from the tube and wipe the mineral oil off of the outside of the tip using laboratory tissue paper. Expel each aqueous PCR reaction (A-D) into a new, sterile 1.5-ml microcentrifuge tube. 

Table 26.16 shows the applications of outputs in the pyrolysis and distillation sections. Recently, a portion of light oil is being sent to a petroleum refinery plant as feedstock recycling. All other outputs, such as oils, off gas, residue are used for energy recovery. Only hydrochloric acid is not recycled because of the conditions described in Section 3.4.2. Table 26.16. indicates that 11.0% of output is applied for feedstock recychng, 88% is for energy recovery and 1% is for waste. On the other hand, 60.5% of output is thermally used in plant, 38.5% is shipped outside, and 1.0% is waste. 

Lecithin use in low fat spreads may decrease the emulsion stability and increase the tendency to oil off however, it also functions to slow the emulsion breakdown in the mouth. Therefore, the use of lecithin and the level of use must be evaluated for each formulation. 

Oil-off occurs in margarine when the matrix of fine fat crystals is no longer of sufficient size or character to be able to enmesh all of the liquid oil. The problem is most serious for stick products as the outside of the inner wrappers may become oil soaked, and if severe, oil will leak out of the package. Prints are also the most susceptible to oil-off because of the pressures to which the product is subjected when pallets or individual packages are stacked. If the margarine is to be merchandised outside of dairy cases, the 21.1°C (70°F) SFI should be specified as high as... 

There are four general causes of toxicity in animals exposed to oil spill residuals. The first is the adverse impact of the oil on the insulation value of the fur and feathers of animals. The second is acute toxicity from ingesting oil products, often while animal is trying to clean the oil off fur or feathers. The third is long-term or delayed toxicity due to oil residue exposures that are not lethal but which decrease the hardiness or reproductive fitness of the exposed animals. The last is the brain lesions and disorientation caused by inhalation of toxic fumes. In addition, populations of animals can be severely affected if oil toxicity adversely impacts the creatures that they feed on or greatly decreases available habitat. Both of these problems can affect the organism s ability to survive and reproduce. 

When the 8 hours are up, he removes the flask from the oil bath and wipes the oil off the outside of the flask. He filters the solution to remove the aluminum sludge, then rinses the sludge with some more alcohol to remove the last traces of product from it. The rinse alcohol is added to the rest of the filtered product. 

The first major spill incident at which burning was tried as a cleanup technique was when the Torrey Canyon lost oil off the coast of Great Britain in 1967. The military dropped bombs and incendiary devices on the spill, but the oil did not ignite. These results discouraged others from trying this technique. Only two years later, however, Dutch authorities were successful at burning test slicks both at sea and on shore. In 1970, Swedish authorities successfully burned Bunker C oil from a ship... 

Roman elite kept Acerra, small incense caskets, in their homes, and carried ampullae, perfume containers, and strigils, wooden blades for scraping oils off the skin at the hot baths. Petronius wrote ... 

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