Waste tires

Stabilization (1) Stage of an incident when the immediate problem or emergency has been controlled, contained, or extinguished. (2) Hazardous waste chemical treatment method by which a chemical reaction produces an insoluble form of tire waste or incorporates the waste into a form that is insoluble. 

Waste materials cover a diversity of products such as wood waste, used tires, waste from agricultural products such as rice husks, and municipal solid waste. Some of these waste materials are very heterogeneous while others are more uniform. Different types of waste are commonly processed using incinerators or reactors that process waste material by heat. The processed materials are commonly classified in char, liquid, and gasses. The municipal solid waste (refuse derived fuel), which is probably the most heterogeneous, is initially processed by the removal of metals, is shredded, dried, and pelletized, and only after that is it processed in heated reactors. 

Tlie first approach may involve cleaner synthesis processes, improved technology, recycling of residues, improved use of catalysts, and generally, every technique integrated into tire process tliat leads to less waste whereas the second one is an end-of-pipe treatment of tire waste tliat is inevitably produced by a chemical process. Botli approaches have to be combined so tliat oru releases into tlie eiivuoiiment are as minimal and haiiiiless as possible. 

Spagnoli JJ, Weber AS, Richards TJ (1999) Recycling an alternative to scrapping scrap tires. Waste Age 30 11-12... 

Timberland Teams with Green Rubber to Reduce Global Tire Waste, Fox Business. http //www.Foxbusiness.com... 

Oxygen is used to treat municipal wastewater and wastewater from the pulp and paper industry (see Aeration, water treatment Wastes, industrial Water). Many of these water appHcations can use VSA-produced oxygen (advantage /). Demonstration and development programs are in place that use oxygen to oxidize sludge from municipal waste and bum hazardous wastes and used tires (advantages 1—4). 

Includes wood, wood waste, peat, wood Hquors, railroad ties, pitch, wood sludge, municipal soHd waste, agricultural waste, straw, tires, landfill gases, fish oils, and/or other waste. 

Illinois Power and Waste Recovery, Inc. (WRI), the largest producer of IDE in the United States, entered into an agreement under which WRI will supply I DE to Illinois Power s Baldwin station. Beginning in late 1994, about 3% of the coal was replaced with tires. This requires 70,000 tons of I DE per year, or the equivalent of seven million passenger tires, and represents - 60% of the scrap tires generated in Illinois each year. 

Waste Recovery, Inc. (WRJ) shreds tires for fuel at installations in Pordand, Oregon Adanta, Georgia MarsiU.es and Du Po, Illinois Conshohocla, Peimsylvania and Houston, Texas. Goodyear owns - 10% of WRJ. Firestone bums rejected tires in addition to other soHd wastes. 

In 1985, the Emanuel Tire Company in Baltimore processed more than 3 x 10 tires into chips, which are mostly sold to pulp and paper mills as a supplemental fuel the remainder is sold to reclaiming facHities or landfiUed. Only 20% of passenger tires are suitable for recapping. Nonrecappable tires are shredded into 5-cm chips. The Emanuel Tire operation is capable of reducing the 5-cm chips to smaller sizes. Shredded waste tire chips can be granulated into very fine wire and fabric-free mbber particles. 

Tires. As with MSW disposal, state and local communities have sought increased utiUty assistance in waste tire management. In the United States, scrap tires are generated at the rate of one tire per person per year, and only 20% are reused or recycled in some fashion. Stockpiles exceed 2 x 10 scrap tires (see Recycling, rubber). 

Several utihties are burning or have successfully test-burned I DE. Eor example, the results of a pilot project at Wisconsin Power Light (WP L) were so successful that the utihty installed its own system to shred tires, thereby assuring a steady supply of uniformly sized tire chips. The tire processing plant will enable the utihty to manage about 20% of the 5 x 10 waste tires generated each year in Wisconsin. 

Clinker production requires large quantities of fuel. In the United States, coal (qv) and natural gas are the most widely used kiln fuels but fuels derived from waste materials, eg, tires, solvents, etc, are increasing in importance (53) (see Fuels fromwaste Gas,natural). In addition to the kiln fuel, electrical energy is required to power the equipment. This energy, however, amounts to only about one-ninth that of the kiln fuel. The cement industry carefully considers all measures that can reduce fuel demand. 

Tlie Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 was tire first major response to tire problem of abandoned hazardous waste sites throughout the nation. CERCLA was the begiiming of tlie remediation of hazardous waste sites. This program was designed to ... 

As described in Chapter 1, the three largest radiological accidents of the last twenty years tire tlie explosion at Chernobyl, the partial core meltdown at Three Mile Island Unit 2, tuid the mishandling of a radioactive source in Brazil. The least publicized, but perhaps tlie most appropriate of tliese accidents, witli respect to waste management, was tlie situation in Brazil. 

Besides all the gaseous and liquid wastes of transportation that result from energy use, and the loss of natural environment to roadv ays, there is also the solid-waste problem of disposal— vehicles and components such as tires and batteries. Responding to the growing disposal problem, many manufacturers are building automobiles that contain far more recyclable parts. 

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