Oil field cements

Haszeldine, R.S. Osborne, M. (1993) Fluid inclusion temperatures in diagenetic quartz reset by burial implications for oil field cementation. In Diagenesis and Basin Development (Eds Horbury, A.D. Robinson. A.G.). Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol. Studies in Geology, 36, 35-46. 

In most practical cases, oil field cement slurries contain several water-soluble organic additives. Therefore, cement interstitial liquid is an aqueous solution that is likely not to behave as a Newtonian fluid. Specifically, if the organic additives are long-chain polymers, the interstitial fluid will display a pseudoplastic behavior, as described, for instance, by the power law model. In turn, the slurry will display a yield pseudoplastic behavior as described for example by the Herschel-Bulkley model (see previous sections). 

Cdmbro-Ordovician, Hassi-Messaoud oil field (cement content <10%)... 

Fig. 3.6a,b. Mechanical compaction features of Saharan reservoirs, a Contact type plot for sandstones from 1 Cambro-Ordovician, Hassi Messaoud oil field (cement content cement content <12%), 3 Triassic, Hassi R Mel gas field (cement content <16%). b Correlation curves of I reservoirs porosity,2 adjacent shales density,3 montmorillonite/illite proportion in adjacent shales, 4 potassium content in shales also... 

Uses Dispersant for disperse and vat dyes dispersant for oil field cementing/stim-ulation... 

Typical uses include the production of non-dispersible underwater concrete and reduction of the accumulation of bleed water in mass concrete placed in deep forms. Consequently, AWAs are useful in mass concrete work because they prevent the formation of laitance on the surface of the concrete and thereby reduce the excessive cleaning between successive lifts. The admixtures also reduce the voids formed under horizontal reinforcing bars. Therefore, bond to steel increases and potential corrosion problems are reduced. The admixtures are also used in conjunction with WRAs in oil-well cementing grouts to reduce pipeline friction and rapid water loss and grouting of pre- and post-tensioned concrete ducts [47]. New valves and control devices under development in Europe and Japan used in conjunction with AWA will likely advance the field on underwater concrete. 

In contrast to these early calcite cements, late, ferroan, 160-enriched dull cement probably formed at temperatures of 90 to 200°C during progressive burial of the Helderberg units from 300 to 4000 m. The subsurface fluids responsible for these cements were dilute to saline Na-Ca-Cl waters with stable isotopic compositions similar to those from modem oil fields. 

The modem technological needs of stmctural materials are not fulfilled entirely by these two types of materials. There is also a need for materials that exhibit properties in between cement and sintered ceramics. That need can be met by CBPC matrix composites—materials that are produced like cements at ambient or at slightly elevated temperatures, but exhibit properties of ceramics. These composites are attractive for many stmctural applications, including architectural products, oil-field drilling cements, road repair materials that set in very cold environments, stabilization of radioactive and hazardous waste streams, and biomaterials. 

Ceramicrete development has been pursued at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) to help solve these cementing problems, and it is now being used for cold climate applications such as road repair and the construction industry, and may soon find use in Arctic oil fields. The oil-field applications are discussed in Chapter 15. Here, we will discuss the road and other structural materials applications. 

Hesse R. and Abid I. A. (1998) Carbonate cementation—the key to reservoir properties of four sandstone levels (Cretaceous) in the Hibernia oil field, Jeanne d Arc Basin, Newfoundland, Canada. In Carbonate Cementation in Sandstones Distribution Patterns and Geochemical Evolution (ed. S. Morad). International Association of Sedimen-tologists, Oxford, vol. 26, pp. 363-394. 

Reynolds R. L., Fishman N. S., Wanty R. B., and Goldhaber M. B. (1990a) Iron sulfide minerals at cement oil field, Oklahoma implications for magnetic detection of oil fields. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 102(3), 368-380. 

Fig. 10-11. Helium soil-gas (probe) survey, Cement oil field, Oklahoma (from Roberts, 1981).

Stirring Paddle Devices. In an attempt to overcome these problems as well as the temperature limitation (85 °C) of standard oil field equipment, other devices, similar to the equipment used to measure the thickening time, have been developed (20). The cement slurry contained in a cylindrical cup is usually stirred with a paddle under pressure and temperature. This allows the simulation of the shear history encountered by the fluid during placement. Then, the rotational speed is reduced to a very low value—typically 0.003 rpm—and the torque on the paddle is measured as a function of time. The main advantages of such a technique is that measurements are performed under realistic conditions of pressure, temperature, and shear history. On the other hand, the analysis of the data is not straightforward as the stress distribution in these devices is not known, and it is not clear whether or not measurements are affected by wall slip layers. 

We present some dissolved silica data here for waters from various environments in northern Algeria subsurface waters 5-10 ppm, thermal waters 5-20 ppm, shallow nearshore water 1-2 ppm, fluvial surface water 11-12 ppm. Meteoric waters with 10-15 ppm dissolved silica are known to circulate to depths of many hundred of meters and therefore could present a cement source (Blatt 1979). Although surface water contains some silica in solution which might promote quartz cementation at shallow depth, it is clear that this silica content is too little to account for the amount of authigenic quartz present in Saharan oil-field sandstones at depths of several thousand meters. In the Hassi Messaoud oil field formation water from the Cambro-Ordo-vician reservoirs contains about 150 ppm dissolved silica, formation water from the Albian reservoirs in the same field contains 15 ppm, while in the Berkaoui oil field Albian formation water contains 10 ppm, Triassic water 3.6 ppm and Hassi R Mel (gas-condensate) Triassic formation water contains 5-7 ppm silica. It is obvious therefore that the 150 ppm of dissolved silica found today in Cambro-Ordovician reservoirs could... 

Because of the excellent cooperation of a major oil company, buried oil field flow lines in Crane County, Texas are the most thoroughly documented application of fiberglass pipe. In 1961 and 1962 oil field flow lines in this major production area were installed using unlined aromatic amine cured epoxy, filament wound pipe. At that time, this type of pipe was a relatively new product, which had a good short term record as an economical solution to corrosion problems in oil field applications. Prior to the development of epoxy fiberglass pipe, cement lined steel with cathodic protection was the standard piping system for this type of oil field service. 

Synonyms NaeDTPMP Properties Amber liq. m.w. 705 Uses Deflocculant, sequestrant, scale inhibitor for cooling water treatment, detergents, peroxide bleach stabilization, l l cleaners, geothermal, oil field applies. deflocculant, sequestrant, process additive for paper, textiles, and metals industrial and commercial formulations for cleaning various substrates cement modifier (retards concrete setting times)... 

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