Cement quartz

Aplin, A. C. and E. A. Warren, 1994, Oxygen isotopic indications of the mechanisms of silica transport and quartz cementation in deeply buried sandstones. 

Bjorlykke, K. and P. K. Egeberg, 1993, Quartz cementation in sedimentary basins. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 77,1538-1548. 

In both cases, the CaCb-rich brine is thought to have evolved from the NaCI-rich brine after fluid-rock interactions in the basement. The fault zones and the breccia bodies at the base of the basins represent active drainage zones where different fluid reservoirs were connected, and thus a highly favourable location for fluid mixing. Temperature and pressure changes, combined with the effects of fluid mixing, appear to be key-factors in the main stages of quartz cementation and U deposition in both Australian and... 

Spotl, C. Houseknecht, D.W. Riciputi, L.R. in Quartz Cement Origin and Effects Upon Hydrocarbon Reservoirs, R. Worden S. Morad (eds.). International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication, 1999, in press... 

That nucleation and growth rate are the limiting steps in quartz cementation has no particular imphcations with respect to the ultimate source of the sihca or the mechanism of transport. Potential sources of silica for quartz cementation are numerous (McBride, 1989) and include all documented silicate dissolution reactions in sandstones and shales. 

The difficulties imposed by clay coatings on quartz nucleation probably explain why there are few reports of quartz cementation in shales. The oxygen in quartz silt is isotopically heavy (8 0 = 19%o) compared to sand-size quartz (5 0 = 14%o) (Blatt, 1987) suggesting that a substantial component of relatively low-temperature quartz resides in shales. The application of cathodoluminescence microscopy to shales has been quite limited. In Frio Formation shales of south Texas no convincing quartz cement is observed across a range of depths in which quartz cementation becomes important in associated... 

Chlorite in sandstones forms as both early (—20 °C) and late cements and grain replacements (Grigsby, 2001). As described in Section 7.07.4.5, early chlorite may exert a profound effect on porosity in late diagenesis as a result of its inhibitory effect on quartz cementation. 

Diffusional transfers of potassium and silicon between sandstones and shales may be sufficient to accomplish feldspar dissolution, illitization, and quartz cementation (Thyne, 2001 Thyne et al, 2001). Losses of the magnitude observed for detrital carbonates in shales exceed the capacity of diffusion-mediated transfer. Large-scale advection seems required, although our understanding of shale permeabilities seems to preclude this (Bjprlykke, 1989, 1993 and Lynch, 1997). The possibility of convection driven by salinity heterogeneity within thick shale sequences has been demonstrated by Sharp et al (2001), who note that more information for rock properties and fluid compositions within deep basinal shales is needed before the generality of their results can be assessed. 

Boles J. R. and Hickey J. J. (1996) Inhibition of quartz cementation by the presence of hydrocarbons. Point McIntyre Field, North Slope, Alaska. In Geofluids II 97. Contributions to the second international conference on fluid evolution, migration and interaction in sedimentary basins and orogenic belts (eds. J. P. Hendry, P. F. Carey, J. Parnell, A. H. Rufifell and R. H. Worden). The Queen s University, Belfast, pp. 272-274. 

Dutton S. P. and Diggs T. N. (1990) History of quartz cementation in the Lower Cretaceous Travis Peak Formation, East Texas. J. Sedim. Petrol. 60, 191-202. 

Evans J. (1990) Quartz dissolution during shale diagenesis implications for quartz cementation in sandstones. Chem. Geol. 84, 239-240. 

Fisher Q. J., Knipe R. J., and Worden R. H. (2000) Microstructures of deformed and non-deformed sandstones from the North Sea implications for the origins of quartz cement in sandstones. In Quartz Cementation in Sandstones (eds. R. H. Worden and S. Morad). International Association of Sedimentologists, Oxford, vol. 29, pp. 129-146. 

Houseknecht D. W. (1991) Use of cathodoluminescence petrography for understanding compaction, quartz cementation, and porosity in sandstones. In Luminescence Microscopy and Spectroscopy Quantitative and Qualitative Applications (eds. C. E. Barker and O. C. Kopp). Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), Tulsa, OK, Short Course vol. 25, pp. 59-75. 

Lander R. H. and Walderhaug O. (1999) Predicting porosity through simulating sandstone compaction and quartz cementation. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geologists Bull. 83, 433-449. 

Oelkers E. H., Bjprkum P. A., Walderhaug O., Nadeau P. H., and Murphy W. M. (2000) Making diagenesis obey thermodynamics and kinetics the case of quartz cementation in sandstones from offshore mid-Norway. Appl. Geochem. 15, 295-309. 

Walderhaug O. (1994) Temperatures of quartz cementation in Jurassic sandstones from the Norwegian continental shelf— evidence from fluid inclusions. J. Sedim. Petrol. 64,311-323. 

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