Of nickel metal

Can 1 M FesCS04)j solution be stored in a container made of nickel metal Explain your answer. 

The discharge voltage of nickel-metal hydride batteries is almost the same as that of nickel-cadmium batteries. 

Ni3C decomposition is included in this class on the basis of Doremieux s conclusion [669] that the slow step is the combination of carbon atoms on reactant surfaces. The reaction (543—613 K) obeyed first-order [eqn. (15)] kinetics. The rate was not significantly different in nitrogen and, unlike the hydrides and nitrides, the mobile lattice constituent was not volatilized but deposited as amorphous carbon. The mechanism suggested is that carbon diffuses from within the structure to a surface where combination occurs. When carbon concentration within the crystal has been decreased sufficiently, nuclei of nickel metal are formed and thereafter reaction proceeds through boundary displacement. 

At their highest sensitivities, STM and AFM generate images that show how atoms are arranged on the surfaces they probe. At first, scientists used these tools to explore how atoms are arranged on surfaces. The example below shows individual atoms on the surface of nickel metal. 

Summary Comparison of Nickel-Metal Hydride Application Features... 

An unconventional preparation of nickel diphenyldiselenophosphinate, Ni(Se2 PPh2)2, involves oxidation by elemental selenium of Ni(PPh2)2, obtained in turn by electrochemical oxidation of nickel metal in acetonitrile solutions of PhzPH.449... 

Single injection of ultrafine particles of nickel metal (20 nm diameter) at 5 mg Severe lung inflammation, cytotoxicity, and increased epithelial permeability 42... 

J. Zhang and D. J. Young, Kinetics and Mechanisms of Nickel Metal Dusting 1. Kinetics and Morphology, Corrosion Science, 49 1496-1512(2007). 

A marked effect of the Ce02/Zr02 composition (in samples containing 40 wt.% NiO) on the catalytic activity was noticed. The catalysts with Ce Zr =1 1 (6A) were not only more active (than 7A and 8A) but were also stable during the reaction. Sample 8A containing no zirconia in the support showed a low activity. The NiO crystallite size (Table 11.2) in these compositions varied in the order 7A < 6A < 8A. It may be recalled that on ceria-based catalysts the crystallite size of nickel metal was similar to that of NiO. The higher activity for 6A than 7A indicates that in addition to accessibility of... 

Some acids will attack nickel, but it offers excellent protection from corrosion from air and seawater. This quality makes it excellent for electroplating other metals to form a protective coating. Nickel is also an excellent alloy metal, particularly with iron, for making stainless steel as well as a protective armor for military vehicles. It is malleable and can be drawn through dies to form wires. About one pound of nickel metal can be drawn to about 200 miles of thin... 

The most important applications of nickel metal involve its use in numerous alloys. Such alloys are used to construct various equipment, reaction vessels, plumbing parts, missile, and aerospace components. Such nickel-based alloys include Monel, Inconel, HasteUoy, Nichrome, Duranickel, Udinet, Incoloy and many other alloys under various other trade names. The metal itself has some major uses. Nickel anodes are used for nickel plating of many base metals to enhance their resistance to corrosion. Nickel-plated metals are used in various equipment, machine parts, printing plates, and many household items such as scissors, keys, clips, pins, and decorative pieces. Nickel powder is used as porous electrodes in storage batteries and fuel cells. 

The distribution of nickel consumption by use in 1988 was as follows stainless and heat-resistant steel, 40% nonferrous alloys, excluding superalloys, 21% electroplating, 17% superalloys, 12% and other, 10%. Other uses include cast iron chemicals and chemical use electric, magnet, expansion alloys steel alloys, other than stainless steel batteries and ceramics. Eighty percent of nickel consumption was for the production of nickel metal and alloys (Kirk 1988a). 

Occupational exposure to nickel may occur by dermal contact or by inhalation of aerosols, dusts, fumes, or mists containing nickel. Dermal contact may also occur with nickel solutions, such as those used in electroplating, nickel salts, and nickel metal or alloys. Nickel-containing dust may be ingested where poor work practices exist or poor personal hygiene is practiced. A National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) conducted by NIOSH from 1981 to 1983 estimates that 727,240 workers are potentially exposed to some form of nickel metal, alloys, salts, or inorganic nickel compounds in the United States (NIOSH 1990). The form of nickel these workers were probably exposed to and the level of exposure for different industries and operations were reviewed by Warner (1984) and lARC (1990). 

Production, Import/Export, Use, and Release and Disposal. Information on the production, import, export, and use of nickel metal and nickel alloys is readily available (Chamberlain 1985 Kirk 1988a, 1988b NTD 1996 Tien and Howson 1981). However, information on the production, import, and use patterns of other nickel compounds is not generally available and is needed to assess human exposure to these compounds. Except for recycling of metal scrap, little information is available regarding the disposal of nickel and its compounds. 

This cell system is also under active development for EV traction. Realistic targets are reported as 80 Wh/kg for energy density, 200 W/kg for power density, and a cycle life of over 1000. The Ovonic Battery Co have already demonstrated 67 Wh/kg for a 250 Ah battery, and Panasonic have reported a similar value for a 130 Ah unit. Thermal management and cost are likely to be the key factors limiting development of nickel-metal hydride technology for electric vehicles. 

Various forms of nickel metal powders are prepared by the reduction of different nickel compounds with K-B alloy168 or low-oxidation-potential metals (Na, Mg or Zn)169. The activity of the latter catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkenes (1-hexene and cyclohexene) is comparable with that of Raney nickel. 

Lv J, Tu JP, Zhang WK, Wu JB, Wu HM, Zhang B. Effects of carbon nanotubes on the high-rate discharge properties of nickel/metal hydride batteries. J Power Sources 2004 132 282-287. 

S. Gamburzev, O. A. Velev, R. Danin, S. Srinivasan, and A. J. Appleby,Proc. Electrochem. Soc. 18 726 (1997). Improved design of nickel-metal hydride batteries. 

The explanation is that Cu (or Pt, or Pd) produces spillover hydrogen which considerably accelerates the nucleation of nickel metal in the reduction conditions. At low loading, the high dispersion of NiO makes that nucleation is rate-limiting if NiO is pure copper permits nucleation and, consequently, reduction. The effect is proportionally smaller for high NiO loading, because the NiO crystallites are larger and can nucleate more easily (see Sections 2.2.2.0.B.a and 2.2.2.1, and Ref. 3). 

Nickel is an important component in many thin-film materials. Precursors for the growth of nickel metal films have been recently summarized in a review. Recently reported precursors for the CVD growth of nickel-containing materials include Ni(tmhd)2, Ni(hfac)2(en), a series of nickel dioximato complexes, Ni(02CCF3)2(dmen)2, Ni(C5H5)2, and Ni(tBuNC(CH3)NtBu)2. Single-source... 

Jim Skeaff and Pierrette King, Development of Data on the Reaction Kinetics of Nickel Metal and Nickel Oxide in Aqueous Media for Hazard Identification, Final Report, January 1998. Mining and Mineral Sciences Laboratories Division Report 97-089(CR)/Contract No. 51605... 

Most of the nickel used in the United States is imported or obtained from recycling. As of 2008, the largest producers of nickel metal included Russia, Canada, Indonesia, Australia, and New Caledonia. One of the world s largest single deposits of nickel is located at Sudbury Basin,... 

Ruthenium is obtained by separating it from other platinum metals, such as platinum, palladium, and osmium, with which it occurs. These metals are usually obtained as by-products during the refining of nickel metal. They are then separated from each other by a series of chemical reactions. 

The conventional nickel-based catalysts could be modified by adding oxide promoters such as potassium, lanthanam, cerium, and molybdenum in the catalyst formulations. It is believed that the added promoters improve the dispersion of nickel metal on the catalyst surface, thereby reducing the chance of carbon accumulation. Noble metals such as Pd, Pt, Ru, and Ir have been found to be more carbon tolerant as the solubility of carbon is less in these metals.54-57 However, they are more expensive than nickel-based catalyst, and as a consequence, they are less attractive for large-scale commercial applications. Alloying of nickel with other base metals such as Cu, Co, or noble metals such as Au, Pt, and Re has also been found to decrease... 

Electrorefining Nickel Metal Anodes In the refining of nickel metal anodes, the principal reaction at the anode is the dissolution of nickel metal as nickel ions. The principal cathodic reaction is the reduction of nickel ions from solution. Nickel anodes are made by reducing nickel oxide with coke at temperatures up to 1550 °C and casting in molds. The practice is designed to obtain anodes with the desired strength and crystal size. 

Other examples can be given concerning the coupling of arylbromides [19] with the use of nickel metal catalysts. Reactions of this type may be achieved in protic media (20 80 Dimethylformamide (DMF)/ethanol or 50 50 ethanol/methanol mixture) with yields comparable with those usually found in aprotic media. (In... 

Vanadium interacts with nickel in a manner which inhibits the deactivation behavior of nickel. Metals-resistant catalysts must therefore be evaluated in the presence of both nickel and vanadium. Also, the mobility of vanadium is reduced in the presence of nickel. In general, cyclic deactivation will be the preferred deactivation method in order to simulate the actual metal distribution and interactions on the catalyst and the correct metal age distribution. 

During the decomposition of Ni-Co mixed oxalates the production of nickel metal accelerates reaction, because the nickel constituent reacts about 60 K lower than cobalt oxalate (Sections 16.4.2. and 16.4.4. above). The significance of the relative yields of metal and oxide in the decompositions of the mixed oxalates Co-Ni Co-Mg and Ni-Mg has been discussed [99],... 

Fig. 5.5 Imaginary picture of a Zrd4 molecule near the surface of nickel metal. Relative sizes of Zr, Cl and Ni are in accordance with the model of touching hard spheres.

We pass enough current through a solution to plate out one mole of nickel metal from a solution of NiSO. In other electrolysis cells, this same current plates out two moles of silver from AgNOj solution but Uberates only one-half mole of O2 gas. Explain these observations. 

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