Nickel and inorganic compounds

Compounds Nickel carbonate nickel oxide nickel subsulfide nickel sulfate 

Physical form. Elemental nickel is a silver-white metal salts are crystals 

Uses/Sources. Corrosion-resistant alloys, electroplating, production of catalysts, nickel-cadmium batteries nickel subsulfide (NisS2) is encountered in the smelting and refining of certain nickel ores and may be formed in petroleum refining from the use of nickel catalysts. 

Toxicology. Metallic nickel and certain nickel compounds cause sensitization dermatitis. Nickel refining has been associated with an increased risk of nasal and lung cancer. 

A worker who had developed cutaneous sensitization also developed apparent asthma from inhalation of nickel sulfate immunologic studies showed circulating antibodies to the salt, and controlled exposure to a solution of nickel sulfate resulted in decreased pulmonary function and progressive dyspnea the possibility of hypersensitivity pneumonitis could not be excluded.  

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Arsenic and inorganic compounds of arsenic (except arsine) m air Nickel and inorganic compounds of nickel m air (except nickel carbonyl)... 

CONSENSUS REPORTS NTP 10th Report on Carcinogens. Nickel and its compounds are on the Community Right-To-Know List. OSHA PEL TWA 0.1 mg(Ni)/m3 ACGIH TLV TWA 0.1 mg(Ni)/m3 Not Classifiable as a Carcinogen NIOSH REL (Inorganic Nickel) TWA 0.015 mg(Ni)/m3... 

Colloidal suspensions of uniform chemical and phase composition, particle size, and shape are now available for many elements (including sulfur, gold, selenium, and silver, carbon, cobalt, and nickel), many inorganic compounds... 

Description and corrosion resistance. Alloy 600 is a nickel-chromium alloy designed for use from cryogenic to elevated temperatures in the range of 1093°C. The high nickel content of the alloy enables it to retain considerable resistance under reducing conditions and makes it resistant to corrosion by a nmnber of organic and inorganic compounds. 

Natural gas contains both organic and inorganic sulfur compounds that must be removed to protect both the reforming and downstream methanol synthesis catalysts. Hydrodesulfurization across a cobalt or nickel molybdenum—zinc oxide fixed-bed sequence is the basis for an effective purification system. For high levels of sulfur, bulk removal in a Hquid absorption—stripping system followed by fixed-bed residual clean-up is more practical (see Sulfur REMOVAL AND RECOVERY). Chlorides and mercury may also be found in natural gas, particularly from offshore reservoirs. These poisons can be removed by activated alumina or carbon beds. 

Feed Ga.s Purifica.tion. Because nickel-based reforming catalysts are quite sensitive to sulfur, halogen, and heavy metal poisons which may be found ia natural gas, a feedstock purification system is normally required. Sulfur compounds, ia both organic and inorganic forms, are the most common... 

Exposure to metal carbonyls can present a serious health threat. Nickel carbonyl is considered to be one of the most poisonous inorganic compounds. However, the toxicological information available on metal carbonyls is restricted to the mote common, commercially important compounds such as Ni(CO)4 and Ee(CO). Other metal carbonyls are considered potentially dangerous, especially ia the gaseous state, by analogy to nickel and iron carbonyls. Data concerning toxicological studies on a few common metal carbonyls are Hsted ia Table 6 (185). Additional toxicity data are OSHA personal exposure limits (PEL) for Ee(CO) this is 8 h at 0.1 ppm, whereas for the much more toxic Ni(CO)4 it is 8 h at 0.001 ppm, with a toxic concentration TCLq low (of 7 mg/m ) for human inhalation. 

Nickel and its inorganic compounds health hazards and precautionary measures Metalworking fluids health precautions Vinyl chloride toxic hazards and precautions... 

Such inorganic compounds as sulphates of heavy metals and calcium [27], sulphites of calcium and potassium, salts of nickel [28] have been reported as thermostabilizers of polyolefins. 

Many metals occur in crude oils. Some of the more abundant are sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, iron, vanadium, and nickel. They are present either as inorganic salts, such as sodium and magnesium chlorides, or in the form of organometallic compounds, such as those of nickel and vanadium (as in porphyrins). Calcium and magnesium can form salts or soaps with carboxylic acids. These compounds act as emulsifiers, and their presence is undesirable. 

EH60 Nickel and its inorganic compounds health and safety precautions. 

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