Occupational contact protective gloves

Personal protections eye protection (safety glasses), hand protection (gloves) body protection (appropriate working protective dress) occupational workers provided with immediate approach and contact numbers and... 

Once the specific causes of the disease are identified, the most important aspect of treatment of occupational skin disease is to avoid contact. Dermatological treatment of acute disease is very similar to that of disease of non-occupational background. Skin protection (gloves, barrier cream, emollients and avoidance of irritative factors) is as important as allergen avoidance. Due to the legal implications of occupational skin disease, a thorough and detailed documentation of all medical investigations is important [30-36]. 

T Estlander, R Jolanki, L Kanerva. AUergic contact dermatitis from rubber and plastic gloves. In GA MeUsrom, JE Wahlberg, HI Maibach, eds. Protective Gloves for Occupational Use. Boca Raton, PL CRC Press, 1994, pp. 221-239. 

Since use of gloves can sometimes cause accidents, and the substitution of noxious products by less aggressive substances is sometimes not possible for technical or economical reasons, skin-care products play an important role in the prevention of occupational contact dermatitis. Preventive skin care at the workplace may be divided into pre-exposure protection by protective creams, removal of irritants by mild cleaning agents, and enhancement of barrier-function generation by emollients or moisturisers. More details are given in Chap. 62, Barrier Creams/Emollients,... 

Wahlberg JE, Maibach HI (1994) Prevention of contact dermatitis. In Mellstrom GA, Wahlberg JE, Maibach HI (eds) Protective gloves for occupational use. CRC, New York, pp 7-9... 

Estlander T, Jolanki R, Kanerva L (1994a) Allergic contact dermatitis from rubber and plastic gloves. In Mellstrom G, Wahiberg JE, Maibach HI (eds) Protective gloves for occupational use. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 221-239 Estlander T, Jolanki R, Kanerva L (1994b) Protective gloves. In Menne T, Maibach H (eds) Hand eczema. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 311-321... 

The identification of risk groups for occupational skin diseases depends on skin exposures at the workplace, the individual s specific and nonspecific skin susceptibility, and the quality and use of protective equipment and barrier creams. The daily duration of wet work, working with dry irritants (grinding dusts) or the wearing of occlusive protective gloves for 2 h and more, the necessity and frequent cleaning of the hands (more than 20 times) or the unavoidable direct skin contact to potent sensitizers represent the most relevant burden-associated risk marker. Individual... 

Mathias CGT (1990) Prevention of occupational contact dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 23 742-748 McClain DC, Storrs F (1992) Protective effect of both a barrier cream and a polyethylene laminate glove against epoxy resin, glyceryl monothioglycolate, frullania, and tansy. Am J Contact Dermat 13 201-205... 

Mellstrom GA, Boman AS (1997) Protective gloves test results compiled in a database. In Brune D, Gerhardsson G, Crockford GW, DAuria D (eds) The work place, vol 1. Fundamentals of health, safety and welfare. International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS), International Labour Office, Geneva and Scandinavian Science Publisher, Oslo, pp 716-730 Mellstrom G, Lindberg M, Boman A (1992) Permeation and destructive effect of disinfectants on protective gloves. Contact Dermatitis 26 163-170... 

Roed-Petersen J (1989) A new glove material protective against epoxy and acrylate monomer. In Frosch PJ, Dooms-Goossens A, Lachapelle JM (eds) Current topics in contact dermatitis. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 603-606 Rosen RH, Freeman S (1993) Prognosis of occupational contact dermatitis in New South Wales, Australia. Contact Dermatitis 29 88-93... 

Allergic contact dermatitis can be caused by epoxyresin compounds (Tarvainen et al. 1995), UP resin (Liden et al. 1984 Tarvainen et al. 1993a, 1995) and chemicals used as accelerators (cobalt) (Bourne and Milner 1963 Tarvainen et al. 1993b, 1995) or hardeners (organic peroxides) (Bourne and Milner 1963), as well as by p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin (Tarvainen et al. 1993b) and various woods (Hausen and Adams 1990). Natural rubber latex in protective gloves has caused occupational contact urticaria (Tarvainen et al. 1993b). 

The recent dramatic increase of occupational contact dermatitis in dental personnel may be ascribed to (1) the common use of (powdered) latex gloves, (2) the introduction of potent contact sensitizing and irritating materials, such as new (meth)acrylates and (3) lacking and/or insufficient protective measures taken. 

Allergic contact dermatitis in this occupational setting is not very frequent and is mainly due to rubber products used for skin protection (gloves, aprons, rubber boots) or from medicaments used to treat or prevent dry skin (lanolin) or skin infection... 

Propionic acid is corrosive and can cause eye and skin burns. It may be harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin as a result of prolonged or widespread contact. Eye protection, PVC gloves, and suitable protective clothing should be worn. Propionic acid should be handled in a well-ventilated environment away from heat and flames. In the UK, the occupational exposure limits for propionic acid are 31 mg/m ... 

OSHA requires employers of workers who are occupationally exposed to 2-butoxyethanol to institute engineering controls and work practices to reduce employee exposure and maintain it at or below pennissible exposure limits (PEL). The PEL for 2-butoxyethanol is 50 ppm (OSHA 1974). Workers exposed to 2-butoxyethanol should wear personal protective equipment such as gloves, coveralls, and goggles to protect exposure to tire skin (OSHA 1974). NIOSH recommends that industrial hygiene surveys be completed at work places where airborne exposure to 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate may occur (NIOSH 1990). If exposure levels are at or above one-half the recommended exposure limit (REL = 5 ppm), NIOSH recommends that a program of personal monitoring be instituted so that tlie exposure of each worker can be estimated. If exposure levels are at or greater than the REL, or if there is a potential for skin contact, NIOSH recommends that 2-butoxyacetic acid be measured in the urine of the workers. 

The dynamics of the development of occupational hand eczema are not fully understood, but irritation and contact sensitivity, together with individual constitutional factors, influence its development. Theoretically, at least one of the triggering factors could be eliminated if the workers used individual preventive measures. Use of gloves, protective hand creams and hand washing were not found to influence the propensity for developing irritant cement eczema (Avnstorp 1991). Furthermore, no additional effect was found from individual preventive measures. The absence of influence from individual preventive measures could be explained by the possibility that the work processes are so hazardous that they overwhelm the protective effect. It could also be that the preventive initiatives were not conducted systematically or carefully enough. 

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