Nova Scotia coal

By the late 1980s six principal commercial CEBC technologies were available (42). In 1993 the largest CEBC ia operation is expected to be the Pyropower Corporation s 165 MWe reheat coal-fired unit, under constmction siace 1991 at the Poiat Aconi Station of Nova Scotia Power Corp. (43). Combustion and SO2 control ia this unit is to be carried out ia the water-cooled riser. The unit is expected to operate at 870°C to optimize sulfur capture. The cyclone separators are refractory-lined and are supported approximately 30 m above grade. 

The remainder of this paper can be restricted to coals of North America, since this is the area for which we have data and in any case other contributors to this collection will deal with the coals of their own areas. The first statement above needs qualification we ourselves have no liquefaction data on Canadian coals, but Ignasiak et al. (48) present some in this collection.Relying, as in the earlier part of this paper, on geological information, we can say that the strata of the North Great Plains and Rocky Mountain provinces continue north into Canada, as does the Pacific province. Nova Scotia contains some Carboniferous coals related to those in the Eastern province. 

Except for a relatively small (<500 million ton) lignite deposit in northern Ontario s James Bay area, the Central region (i.e., Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba), which accommodates some 70% of the country s population and the greater part of its industry, is devoid of coal and the Maritime Provinces (principally Nova Scotia) contain less than 1% of Canada s total coal - mostly Carboniferous hvb coal which closely resembles Its Eastern US counterparts. 

An oxidized bituminous coal from Phalen Seam in Nova Scotia was obtained from the Cape Breton Development Corporation. Some properties of this coal are given in Table I. Hydrogenation was carried out in a stainless steel, vertical fixed bed reactor of 155 ml capacity Q). Approximately 150 g of sample, -4 to 8 US... 

Coal mines 1, Springhill, Nova Scotia, Canada... 

Studies of fresh ash produced by coal combustion have shown that many trace elements (As, B, Bi, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ge, Hg, Mo, Pb, Ni, Se, Sr, Tl, V, W, Zn) are enriched in the fly ash compared to the bottom ash (Hansen Fisher 1980 Eary et al. 1990 Mukhopadhyay et al. 1996 Karayigit et al. 2001). For example, Mukhopadhyay et al. (1996) reported 10-20 times enrichment of most trace elements in the fly ash compared to the feed coal and association of As with crystalline Fe-0 and Fe-S phases in the bottom ash from a power plant in Nova Scotia fed by eastern Canadian coal. Elements enriched in fly ash are typically those more easily volatilized. Because fly ash particles also have smaller sizes and therefore greater reactivity than bottom ash, the probability of metal leaching is correspondingly greater. Ainsworth Rai (1987) and Rai et al. (1988) found that most of the Cu, Mo, Se, Sr, and V in fly ash was readily soluble. 

Hacquebard, P. A., Conf. Origin Const. Coal, 2nd, 1952, Nova Scotia, 293. 

The first coal deposits on the North American continent were discovered ca 2nd half of 17th century in Nova Scotia and ca 1701 on the banks of James river, near Richmond, Virginia. It was not until 1745, however, that coal started to be mined in Va on a commercial scale. About 1751 coal was discovered in West Virginia (Appalachian bituminous),in 1755 in Ohio and in 1770 in Pennsylvania... 

Canada Nova Scotia Sydney Basin 3 seams Canada Saskatchewan 8 lignites Canada Saskatchewan Estevan lignite Canada subbituminous and bituminous feed coals at 7 power stations... 

Hower, J.C., Calder, J.H., Eble, C.F. et al. (2000) Metalliferous coals of the Westphalian A Joggins Formation, Cumberland Basin, Nova Scotia, Canada petrology, geochemistry, and palynology. International Journal of Coal Geology, 42(2-3), 185-206. 

Mukhopadhyay, P.K., Goodarzi, F Crandlemire, A.L. et al. (1998) Comparison of coal composition and elemental distribution in selected seams of the Sydney and Stellarton Basins, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada. International Journal of Coal Geology, 37(1-2), 113-41. 

Canada Nova Scotia Lingan Coal, coal cleaning wastes, 468 (coal, Sydney field, Nova Mukhopadhyay, Lajeunesse... 

Mukhopadhyay, P.K., Lajeunesse, G., Crandlemire, A.L. and Finkelman, R.B. (1999) Mineralogy and geochemistry of selected coal seams and their combustion residues from the Sydney area, Nova Scotia, Canada. The International Journal of Coal Geology, 40(2-3), 253-54. 

Nova Scotia Cumberland Basin Joggins Formation Westphalian A coal Coal Hower et al. (2000)... 

Nova Scotia Sydney and Stellarton Basins Coal Mukhopadhyay et al. (1998)... 

Abraham Gesner was born in 1797 near Cornwallis, Nova Scotia. Although Gesner became a medical doctor, he was much more interested in fossils. Gesner was fascinated by hydrocarbon substances, such as coal, asphal-tum (asphalt), and bitumen. These substances were formed long ago from fossilized plants, algae, fish, and animals. 

Birk D. (1989) Quantitative coal mineralogy of the Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada, by scanning electron microscopy, computerized image analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Can. J. Earth Sci. 27, 163-179. 

Sobek A. A. (1987) The use of surfactants to prevent AMD in coal refuse and base metal tailings. In Proc. Acid Mine Drainage Workshop, Halifax, Nova Scotia, March 1987. Environment Canada, Ottawa, pp. 357-390. 

The Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET) is the main research and technology development arm of Energy, Mines, and Resources Canada. As one of CANMETs five laboratory groups. Coal Research Laboratories (CRL) performs and sponsors research to enhance Canadian industry s competitive position. With laboratories in Devon, Alberta, and Sydney (Nova Scotia), CRL is well located to serve both coal and other industry clients, notably those in the recovery and processing of oil sands and heavy oil. 

FIGURE 4.4 Photomicrographs of macerals from Canadian coals (a) Alberta medium-volatile coal SF, semifusinite V, vitrinite and F, fusinite. (b) Alberta subbituminous coal V, vitrinite F, fusinite SF, semifusinite and E, exinite. (c) Same as in (b) but under fluorescent light, (d) Sydney, Nova Scotia high-volatile bituminous coal V, vitrinite M, micrinite and E, exinite. 

Other examples of CFB boilers firing petroleum coke alone or in combination with other fuels include installations at the Nova Scotia Power Pt. Aconi Generating Station, at Gulf Oil (now Chevron) in California, Oriental Chemical Industries in Korea, General Motors in Michigan, the Petrox refinery in Chile, a paper mill in Kattua, Finland, and numerous other sites. Most of these units fire a blend of petroleum coke and coal, with petroleum coke being the dominant fossil fuel. 

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