Lignite deposits

North America.. In the United States, lignite deposits are located in the northern Great Plains and in the Gulf states. Subbituminous coal is found along the Rocky Mountains. The western half of North Dakota has about 74% of the nation s resources, Montana 23%, Texas 2%, and Alabama and South Dakota about 0.5% each. The lignite resources to 914 m represent 28% of the total toimage of all coal deposits in the United States. The lower cost and low sulfur content have contributed to rapid growth in production. 

The lignite deposits of North Dakota and Montana extend into Canada as far as Saskatchewan. Canadian deposits are also located in Alberta, Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Ontario, and Manitoba. Production by open-cast mining, ca3.5 x 10 t in 1975, was 10.8 x 10 t in 1989. 

Lignite. Deposits generally classified as unconventional uranium resources occur in lignite and in clay or sandstone immediately adjacent to lignite. Examples are uraniferous deposits in the Serres Basin, Greece, North and South Dakota in the United States, and Melovoe in the CIS (17) (see... 

Except for a relatively small (<500 million ton) lignite deposit in northern Ontario s James Bay area, the Central region (i.e., Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba), which accommodates some 70% of the country s population and the greater part of its industry, is devoid of coal and the Maritime Provinces (principally Nova Scotia) contain less than 1% of Canada s total coal - mostly Carboniferous hvb coal which closely resembles Its Eastern US counterparts. 

Ceresine is the white end-product of the purification of the fossil wax ozokerite, which is found in Miocene lignite deposits at considerable depths, by the separation of foreign and resinous matter and decolorisation by active agents. It is harder than paraffin wax, and has linear and cyclic hydrocarbons with high molecular weight [2]. It is used for waterproofing and oil absorption. 

All the coalified wood samples examined in this report were of lignite rank, as determined by their elemental compositions (Table 1). The one sample from the Moscow Basin was not analyzed for its elemental composition but was collected from a well-known Carboniferous lignite deposit. Figure 1 shows the solid-state 13c NMR data for some of the samples. Though the spectra show a large, broad... 

Figure 1. Location of the four lignite deposits in south eastern South Australia in relation to the state capital (Adelaide).

Pentari, D., Foscolos, A.E. and Perdikatsis, V. (2004) Trace element contents in the Domeniko lignite deposit, Elassona Basin, central Greece. International Journal of Coal Geology, 58(4), 261-68. 

Kaiser, W. R. Ayers, W. B., Jr. LaBrie, L. W. "Lignite Resources in Texas" University of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology Report of Investigations No. 104, 1980. Kaiser, W. R. "Lignite Depositional Models, Texas Eocene ... 

Chloride minerals are rarely found in coal in the form of solid species because of high solubility of sodium, calcium and trace metal chlorides in coal strata waters. The "inherent" water content of coal is related to its porosity and thus the moisture content of lignite deposits can exceed 40 per cent decreasing to below 5 per cent in fully bituminous coals (11). Chlorides, chiefly associated with sodium and calcium constitute the bulk of water-soluble matter in British bituminous coals (12). Skipsey (13) has found that the distribution of chlorine coals was closely related to the salinity of mine waters. Hypersaline brines with concentrations of dissolved solids up to 200 kg m occur in several of the British Coalfields. 

Hart B. R., Powell M. A. andFyfe W. S., 1995. Geochemistry and mineralogy of fly-ash from the Mae-Moh lignite deposit, Thailand. Energy Sources, 17 23 0. 

Other additional uranium sources, associated with unconventional deposits or exploited as a by-product of other minerals (e.g. copper and gold), are those found in old mine dumps (gold mines in South Africa), phosphate rocks (Morocco, the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R.), with a content ranging from 0.001 to 0.07%, in copper deposits, such as the porphyry coppers , in marine black shales with a content ranging from 0.001 to 0.008% (the U.S.A. and Sweden), in coal and lignite deposits with a content normally of 0.001%, exceptionally reaching 1% (the U.S.A.), in monazite deposits with 0.3% (India, Brazil, Australia and Malaysia), in igneous rocks, such as the alkaline intrusives distributed in various parts of the world, and, as has already been mentioned, in sea water. 

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