North Sea gas

This, then, was the scene in which SCP projects were planned in Europe. The need for alternative foods and feedstuffs was clear and, in the UK and elsewhere, oil and gas seemed a plentiful and cheap resource from which to produce them. North Sea gas fields were being exploited and research had shown that natural gas or its derivatives could be used to produce SCP feed of superior protein content to conventional feedstuffs. The economics of such processes seemed very promising. In 1971 the European prices for fish meal and soya meal were 200 and 100 per ton respectively. In 1973 oil price rises and a failure in the Peruvian fish meal supply pushed these prices up to 550 and 300 respectively. With such prices for the major feedstuffs it was considered that SCP feeds could be produced competitively. 

CRG [Catalytic Rich Gas] A process for making town gas and rich gas from light petroleum distillate (naphtha). The naphtha is reacted with steam over a nickel-alumina catalyst yielding a gas mixture rich in methane. Developed by British Gas and used in the United Kingdom in the 1960s, but abandoned there after the discovery of North Sea gas. In 1977,13 plants were operating in the United States. 

The MAT tests using North Sea gas oil were run at 482 C while the hydrotreated resid was run at 510 C. Simulated distillations on the recovered liquid products were run using 217 and 343 C gasoline and LCO cut points. All data have been normalized to a lOOX material balance. 

Catalyst PILC from 0.3M A1 solution aged 7 days, calcined S.A. = 270 mVo Feed North Sea gas oil. 

To promote the activity of steam deactivated PILC and to evaluate PILC as a matrix component in cracking catalysts, REY-PILC and REY-clay containing 10 wt % REY were deactivated by method D. The MAT conversions, using North Sea gas oil, and surface area after regeneration are compared with calcined PILC below. 

Table II. Product Distributions from Cracking North Sea Gas Oil...

About 27% BTX and 24% ethylene were obtained from the highly hydrogenated coal extract in comparison, a paraffinic North Sea gas condensate gave 16% BTX and 30% ethylene. 

The advantage of the Synetix process is that no soot forms, even with liquid crude oil fractions as feed. This makes catalyst regeneration unnecessary.46 Because of these advantages, the Synetix technology is used in over 400 reformers in over 30 countries. When North Sea gas and other natural gas reserves around the world were developed, the use of naphtha as a feed stock declined and the need for this technology was reduced. 

Thermodynamically, the carbonylation of methyl acetate (AG298 -10 kJ/mol) is considerably less favourable than that of methanol (AG298 -74 kJ/mol). This means that the reaction does not reach completion but attains an equilibrium which is dependent on the temperature and the CO pressure. Two variants are currently practised commercially that developed by Tennessee Eastman, based on a Halcon process, and a BP process in which acetic acid and the anhydride are co-produced in proportions which can be varied according to demand. Syngas for the Eastman process is made from coal which is mined close to the plant in Tennessee and the acetic anhydride produced is used to make cellulose acetate for film production. The BP process uses syngas generated from North Sea gas which is piped directly to the BP plant in EIull. [Acetic anhydride manufacture M. J. Eloward, M. D. Jones, M. S. Roberts, S. A. Taylor, Catalysis Today, 1993, 18, 325]. 

Heath D., Moffatt R. L., and Rowland S. (1995) Quantification of the C30+ fraction of North Sea gas condensates by high temperature capillary gas chromatography. Anal Proc. 32, 485-487. 

You will be aware that North Sea gas consists mainly of methane. Propane and butane are used as bottled gas, camping gas or in cigarette lighters (when under pressure both propane and butane are liquids). Because the burning process gives out heat, the exothermic reaction is put to commercial use ... 

Hooker PJ, O Nions RK, Oxburgh ER (1985a) Helium isotopes in North Sea gas fields and the Rhine. Nature 318 273-275... 

When North Sea gas bums completely, it forms carbon dioxide and water and no other products. When 250cm of North Sea gas bum, they need 500cm of oxygen, and they form 2S0an of carbon dioxide and 500 cm of steam (the votumes being measured under the same eondilions). Deduce the equation for the reaction and (be formula of North Sea gas. 

If methane (North Sea gas) costs 0.50 p per cubic metre, what will this clean-up reaction cost the firm to run (Ignore the cost of installing the process, which will in reality be high.)... 

Iv) North Sea gas chiefly consists of a compound called methane (CH4). Methane bums in... 

Class C fires - fires fuelled by flammable gases such as propane, butane and North Sea gas. 

The compound burns in air with a blue flame to form sulphut(IV) oxide (SO2) solutions of hydrogen sulphide exposed to the air undergo oxidation but in this case only to elemental sulphur. North Sea gas contains some hydrogen sulphide (from S-proteins in... 

The use of gross calorific values or net calorific values (which assume that the water of combustion is present as vapour) plus the assumed value of coal leads to different coal to oil ratios being quoted in the literature, e.g. 1.5 1 to 1.7 1 by different authorities ". The composition of natural gas varies widely in different parts of the world leading to different calorific values. North Sea gas contains about 90% methane and has a typical calorific value of 52 GJ per tonne. 

The rapid growth in demand for catalytic flammable gas sensors to operate in hostile atmospheres (leaded petrol atmospheres, gas compressor stations, etc.) and areas where routine calibration and maintenance are difficult and costly (North Sea gas and oil platforms) has stimulated the search for sensing elements which are resistant to poisons. These devices generally take the form of a platinum wire coil embedded in a porous bead comprising active catalyst either dispersed throughout a porous substrate (5-7) or as discrete layers within the substrate (8). 

The gas supply. We need North Sea gas as a raw material, and as a fuel. Any problems getting it here ... 

North Sea gas is used as a raw material. For which process Write an equation for the reaction. 

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