Syngas generation

Gas-phase reaction 8 [CP 8] Syngas generation by partial oxidation of methane... 

GP 8[ [R 7[ Syngas generation with commercial Pt-Rh gauzes, metal-coated foam monoliths and extruded monoliths has been reported. For similar process pressure, process temperature, and reaction mixture composition, methane conversions are considerably lower in the conventional reactors (CH4/O2 2.0 22 vol.-% methane, 11 vol.-% oxygen, 66 vol.-% inert species 0.14—0.155 MPa 1100 °C) [3]. They amount to about 60%, whereas 90% was reached with the rhodium micro reactor. A much higher H2 selectivity is reached in the micro reactor the CO selectivity was comparable. The micro channels outlet temperatures dropped on increasing the amount of inert gas. 

Labrecque, R. and Laflamme, C., Electricity-assisted syngas generation, Report Hydro Quebec Institut de Recherche, June 2002. 

Comparable to IGT technology for syngas generation is the high-temperature Winkler (HTW) gasification process. A commercial HTW unit was installed in 1988 at a Finnish ammonia synthesis plant and has operated successfully using peat as a feedstock.51... 

Oxidation reactions are much faster than reforming reactions, suggesting that a single stage process for syngas generation would be a viable alternative to steam reforming. 

The objective of tiie research described here is to explore synthesis gas generation by direct oxidation of CH4 (reaction 3). A reactor giving complete conversion to a 2/1 mixture of H2 and CO would be the ideal upstream process for the production of CH3OH or for the Fischer-Tropsch process. As discussed above, currently implemented or proposed processes utilize a combination of oxidation and reforming reactions to generate synthesis gas from CH4 and O2. In this work, we seek a faster, more efficient route of syngas generation in which H2 and CO are the primary products of CH4 oxidation. It is expected that this may be difficult because... 

Fig. 1.20. Autothermal syngas generation by combining simultaneous autothermal reforming in an air/oxygen-fired fixed-bed reactor (ATR) and steam reforming in a gas-heated tubular fixed-bed reactor (GHR) [32, 33].

Lurgi 01 Gas Chemie GmbH Methanol Natural gas, naphtha, vacuum residue, natural gas Oxygen-operated syngas generation, two-step isothermal synthesis with maximum yield and very large single-train capacity 40 2000... 

Thermodynamically, the carbonylation of methyl acetate (AG298 -10 kJ/mol) is considerably less favourable than that of methanol (AG298 -74 kJ/mol). This means that the reaction does not reach completion but attains an equilibrium which is dependent on the temperature and the CO pressure. Two variants are currently practised commercially that developed by Tennessee Eastman, based on a Halcon process, and a BP process in which acetic acid and the anhydride are co-produced in proportions which can be varied according to demand. Syngas for the Eastman process is made from coal which is mined close to the plant in Tennessee and the acetic anhydride produced is used to make cellulose acetate for film production. The BP process uses syngas generated from North Sea gas which is piped directly to the BP plant in EIull. [Acetic anhydride manufacture M. J. Eloward, M. D. Jones, M. S. Roberts, S. A. Taylor, Catalysis Today, 1993, 18, 325]. 

Figure 55. Raw gas cooling in the Texaco Syngas Generation Process...

One central step considered in all flowsheet options, is an entrained flow gasifier operating at a flame temperature up to 1500°C. The hot tar-free syngas generated in the gasifier flame should be quenched with crushed char powder (not shown in the flowsheet) to increase the cold gas efficiency by chemical quenching [16]. 

A second pipeline network (LQ, Low Quahty) must be developed to allow collection and transport of syngas generated in downstream production processes and to allow for flexibility of syngas quahty at end-user point. The LQ pipeline network has a variable syngas quahty, which is inadequate for some chemical processes but inconsequenhal or even beneficial for facilities such as electricity production and DRI [2]. The double bus infrastructure is illustrated in figure 3. 

The composition of the syngas generated through different gasification methods can be totally different. Also, the gas products depend on the coal used, the oxygen purity, and the gasification conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, reactants, and coal/oxygen ratio). Compositions of some typical coal gas products from different processes are listed in Tables 4.1 and 4.2. 

Application of H2/Syngas Generation Technology to Liquid Fuels 477... 

APPLICATION OF Hz/SYNGAS GENERATION TECHNOLOGY TO LIQUID FUELS... 

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