Hostile atmosphere

However, this paper is designed to discuss the use of plant breeding techniques to modify the heredity of a plant species, enabling it to produce a crop or to survive in a hostile atmosphere. Hostile atmospheres, in the literal sense, are not new to the plant world. Man himself first... 

Corrosion. Copper and selected copper aHoys perform admirably in many hostile environments. Copper aHoys with the appropriate corrosion resistance characteristics are recommended for atmospheric exposure (architectural and builder s hardware), for use in fresh water supply (plumbing lines and fittings), in marine appHcations (desalination equipment and biofouling avoidance), for industrial and chemical plant equipment (heat exchangers and condensers), and for electrical/electronic appHcations (coimectors and semiconductor package lead-frames) (30) (see Packaging). 

Evaporative condensers are used quite extensively. In most cases commercial evaporative condensers are not totally suitable for chemical plants due to the hostile atmosphere which usually abounds in vapor and dusts which can cause either chemical (corrosion) or mechanical problems (phigging of spray nozzles). 

There are now doubts as to whether Venus is in fact extremely hostile to life. An audacious theory suggests that the cloud cover in the Venusian atmosphere could have provided a refuge for microbial life forms. As the hot planet lost its oceans, these primitive life forms could have adapted to the dry, acid atmosphere. However, the intensity of the UV radiation is very puzzling. The authors suggest that sulphur allotropes such as Sg act on the one hand as a UV umbrella and on the other as an energy-converting pigment (Schulze-Makuch et al 2004). 

Solar systems are subjected to a unique set of conditions that may alter their stability and, hence, their performance and life-cycle costs. These conditions include UV radiation, temperature, atmospheric gases and pollutants, the diurnal and annual thermal cycles, and, in concentrating systems, a high-intensity solar flux. In addition, condensation and evaporation of water, rain, hall, dust, wind, thermal expansion mismatches, etc., may impose additional problems for the performance of a solar system. These conditions and problems must be considered not only individually, but also for synergistic degradative effects that may result from their collective action on any part of the system. Since these degradative effects may also reduce the system or component performance, protective encapsulation of sensitive materials from the hostile terrestrial environment is required to provide component durability. 

The basic thing is that everyone wants happiness, no one wants suffering. And happiness mainly comes from our own attitude, rather than from external factors. If your own mental attitude is correct, even if you remain in a hostile atmosphere, you feel happy. 

The temperature measurements were the most difficult to make. The thermocouple used, mentioned before, is a fragile, brittle wire and was subject to frequent breakage as a result of the turbulent bombardment it received in this hostile atmosphere. Sufficient temperatures were determined to verify the combustion gases temperature already known. Most significant, were the measurements of the temperature gradients at the initiation of the carbon black reaction and the disappearance of gradients as the reaction reached its first primary completion. The points within the reactor where these maximum temperatures and their associated gradients occur... 

Despite the hostile atmosphere at the School of Pharmacy, women performed excellently in their studies, as was noted by a columnist in the Chemist and Druggist in 1908 ... 

If operating in a hostile atmosphere, use an adequate external sheath to protect the wires. 

Figure 6.1 has been reproduced from the Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Lubrication in Hostile Environments titled Influence of the Atmosphere on the Endurance of Some Solid Lubricants Compared at Constant Layer Thickness by A W J de Gee, A Begelinger and G Salomon 1968-69 Figure 3.3 page 21 by permission of the Council of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. 

Exterior building paints. The exterior paints are formulated to meet more hostile atmospheric conditions, such as rain, dew, temperature extremes. 

Ethylene copol nners with vinyl alcohol (PEVA) are derived by saponification of CEVA. Their critical feature is the unique gas barrier property (Table 2.1), which is combined with elasticity, strength, surface hardness, high wear, oil and atmospheric resistance. Thin, strong barrier layers of inhibited films formed from PEVA are impermeable to both Cl and hostile atmospheric vapors and gases [21]. 

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