Tennessee-Eastman

Acrylic Ester Polymers, 2-Cyanoacrylic Ester Polymers" ia ECT 3rd ed., VoL 1, pp. 408—413, by H. W. Coover, Jr., andj. M. Mclatire, Tennessee Eastman Company. 

H. J. Hagemeyer and G. C. DeCroes, The Chemistry oflsobutyr ehyde and Its Derivatives, Tennessee Eastman Co., Kingsport, Term., 1953. 

In 1975, the synthesis of the first main-chain thermotropic polymers, three polyesters of 4,4 -dihydroxy-a,a -dimethylbenzalazine with 6, 8, and 10 methylene groups in the aHphatic chain, was reported (2). Shortly thereafter, at the Tennessee Eastman Co. thermotropic polyesters were synthesized by the acidolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by/ -acetoxybenzoic acid (3). Copolymer compositions that contained 40—70 mol % of the oxybenzoyl unit formed anisotropic, turbid melts which were easily oriented. 

This process is one of the three commercially practiced processes for the production of acetic anhydride. The other two are the oxidation of acetaldehyde [75-07-0] and the carbonylation of methyl acetate [79-20-9] in the presence of a rhodium catalyst (coal gasification technology, Halcon process) (77). The latter process was put into operation by Tennessee Eastman in 1983. In the United States the total acetic anhydride production has been reported to be in the order of 1000 metric tons. 

Total U.S. annual production of MAA and EAA combined is estimated to be 6000—7000 metric tons. The list prices at the end of 1992 for large volumes were 2.75/kg for MAA and 3.00/kg for EAA. There are only two U.S. producers of these esters at this time, Tennessee Eastman Co. in Kingsport, Teimessee, and Lon2a Inc. in Bayport, Texas. 

Magnesium acetate also has uses as a dye fixative in textile printing, as a deodorant, disinfectant, an antiseptic in medicine, and as a reagent chemical (see Disinfectants AND ANTISEPTICS Textiles) (6). In the United States, Hoescht-Celanese and Tennessee Eastman are the principal producers of magnesium acetate. These companies make about 36,000 t/yr, which is largely used in-house for the production of cellulose acetate. 

The high cost of coal handling and preparation and treatment of effluents, compounded by continuing low prices for cmde oil and natural gas, has precluded significant exploitation of coal as a feedstock for methanol. A small amount of methanol is made from coal in South Africa for local strategic reasons. Tennessee Eastman operates a 195,000-t/yr methanol plant in Tennessee based on the Texaco coal gasification process to make the methyl acetate intermediate for acetic anhydride production (15). 

Bayer marketed PPS compounds in the United States under the trade name Tedur, but the company has exited the PPS business. PPS is also marketed in the United States by GE Plastics, whose source of neat resin is Tosoh Corporation of Japan. GE Plastics markets PPS under the trade name Supec PPS. Patent activity by Tennessee Eastman describes an alternative process for the production of poly(phenylene sulfide/disulfide), although samples of such product have not appeared as of early 1996. Both Phillips and Hoechst Celanese have aimounced plans to debotdeneck their existing U.S. faciUties in order to meet anticipated market growth. 

The most successful example of generating chemicals directly from coal is the Tennessee Eastman integrated process for producing acetic anhydride. The commercial plant gasifies approximately 900 tons of coal per day and performs four chemical steps to yield annually 500 million pounds of acetic anhydride, 390 million pounds of methyl acetate, and 365 million pounds of methanol. In addition, 150 million pounds per year of acetic acid may be produced from acetic anhydride. 

Doscher, T. M., The Doschers Group Doss, J. E., Tennessee Eastman Company Eggert, R. G., Pennsylvania State University Eidel, J., Illinois State Geological Survey Erlinger, H., Illinois State Geological Survey Evans, J. W., University of California Faulkner, L., University of Illinois Fefferman, G. B., AT T Bell Laboratories Fisher, D. G., University of Alberta Friedlander, S. K., University of California, Los Angeles... 

Research Laboratories, Tennessee Eastman Company, Kingsport, Tennessee. 

Eastman Also known as the Tennessee Eastman Challenge Process. Not an actual chemical process but a theoretical chemical engineering exercise, based on a proprietary process. 

Organic Chemicals Division, Tennessee Eastman Co., Kingsport, Tennessee 37662. 

Duvall, P. M. and J. B. Riggs. On-line Optimization of the Tennessee Eastman Challenge Problem J Proc Control 10 19 (1999). 

Steam Line Rupture at Tennessee Eastman Division, Peter N. Lodal Lessons Learned from the Longford Royal Commission Investigation into the Explosion and Fire on 25 September 1998 at the Esso Gas Processing Plant, Mark Boult Gary Kenney, Robin Pitblado... 

In 1977, the combined U.S. production and import of 2-hexanone was between 453 metric tons and 4,500 metric tons (EPA 1987b, 1981) no breakdown of these figures was provided. The only U.S. producer of 2-hexanone, the Tennessee Eastman Company division of Eastman Kodak, discontinued its production of 2-hexanone in 1979 and sold its remaining reserves by 1981 (EPA 1981, 1987b HSDB 1989 Lande et al. 1976). 2-Hexanone was commercially produced by the catalyzed reaction of acetic acid and ethylene under pressure (EPA 1987b). 

The direct carbonylation of methanol yielding acetic acid, the Monsanto process, represents the best route for acetic acid. Carbonylation of methyl acetate, obtained from methanol and acetic acid, gives acetic anhydride, a technology commercialized by Tennessee Eastman (22). It is noteworthy that this process is based on coal derived synthesis gas to give as the final product cellulose acetate. A combination of Monsanto and Tennessee Eastman technology opens the door for the combined synthesis of acetic acid and acetic anhydride. 

Today acetic acid is produced mainly from methanol and carbon monoxide. This process, along with the Tennessee Eastman acetic anhydride plant using syn gas, are the current standards in the industry when considering new expansion regardless of the price of ethylene. The vinyl acetate process described here may achieve this stature if its commercial development is permitted to occur. 

The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Dr. S. S. Kelley (Tennessee-Eastman Co.), Dr. T. C. Ward, and Dr. G. L. Wilkes (PMIL, Virginia Tech), and Mr. C. Price (Dept, of Forest Products, Virginia Tech). 

By the mid 1970s, Tennessee Eastman also announced development of a copolyester consisting of 60/40 PHBA/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by direction reaction of acetoxybenozic acid with PET in the melt [2], This system had the advantage of lower costs, but its use temperature was limited to 90 °C which is just above its Tg. In the early 1980s, researchers at Celanese reported... 

To understand the nature of the microstructures that are present in these systems it is important to start by examining the role of the synthetic route in preparing these copolyesters. In the case of the PHBA/PET copolyester, this system presents a degree of complexity which is unusual. In the mid seventies, Jackson and Kuhfus reported that this system was random, but they did not comment on the possibility of compositional variations [2]. Fortunately, because of the modest solubility of this system, most of the confusion has recently been eliminated through detailed NMR studies [9]. Thus, it has been shown that the 60/40 PHBA/PET copolymers originally available from Tennessee Eastman actually consisted of two distinct compositions, namely 44/56 and 62/38 PHBA/PET (see Fig. 11). Furthermore, the soluble PET rich fraction ( 20%) was shown to be blocky while the insoluble PHBA rich fraction (80%) was more random (see Fig. 12). These observations can be explained from a... 

In addn to the above mentioned processes for the production of acetylene, several others were developed, of which the Tennessee Eastman process (Ref 22) and the Societe Beige de 1 Azote (SB A)-Kellogg process (Ref 27) are the most recent... 

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