North Atlantic distribution

Surface water enrichment is the result of aeolian and fluvial inputs, which are thought to be the most important sources of Th to the ocean. Thorinm-232 has been proposed as a link between the radiogenic thorium isotopes and trace metals and anthropogenic pollutants. " While the pathways are very different for the radiogenic thorium isotopes, Th is delivered to the ocean in a fashion similar to many pollutants and trace metals. For example, Guo et found Th distributions in the Gulf of Mexico and off Cape Hatteras in the North Atlantic Ocean agreed well with the general distribution pattern of aluminum. 

Nuclear bomb produced " 002 and (as HTO) have been used to describe and model this rapid thermocline ventilation (Ostlund et ah, 1974 Sarmiento et ah, 1982 Fine et al., 1983). For example, changes in the distributions of tritium (Rooth and Ostlund, 1972) in the western Atlantic between 1972 (GEOSECS) and 1981 (TTO) are shown in Fig. 10-10 (Ostlund and Fine, 1979 Baes and Mulholland, 1985). In the 10 years following the atmospheric bomb tests of the early 1960s, a massive penetration of F1 (tritium) into the thermocline has occurred at all depths. Comparison of the GEOSECS and TTO data, which have a 9 year time difference, clearly shows the rapid ventilation of the North Atlantic and the value of such transient" tracers. A similar transient effect can be seen in the penetrative distribution of manmade chlorofluorocarbons, which have been released over a longer period (40 years) (Gammon et al., 1982). 

Fig. 10-12 The A C values of the cores of the North Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean deep waters. The oldest waters are encountered near 40°N in the Pacific Ocean. (Modified with permission from M. Stuiver et al. (1983). Abyssal water carbon-14 distribution and the age of the world oceans. Science 219 849-851, the AAAS.)...

Fig. 11-9 (a) The vertical distributions of alkalinity (Aik) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the world oceans. Ocean regions shown are the North Atlantic (NA), South Atlantic (SA), Antarctic (AA), South Indian (SI), North Indian (NI), South Pacific (SP), and North Pacific (NP) oceans. (Modified with permission from T. Takahashi et ah, The alkalinity and total carbon dioxide concentration in the world oceans, in B. Bolin (1981). Carbon Cycle Modelling," pp. 276-277, John Wiley, Chichester.)... 

Kay JG. 1990. A study of radon-222 and lead-210 distribution and transport in the North Atlantic. Washington, DC National Science Foundation. Division of Atmospheric Sciences. 

Sanpera, C., R. Capelli, V. Minganti, and L. Jover. 1993. Total and organic mercury in north Atlantic fin whales. Distribution pattern and biological related changes. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 26 135-139. 

Early scientists recognized that standards were needed to determine reliable values of the chlorinity and salinity of seawater. The IAPSO Standard Sea Water Service (originally based in Copenhagen) collected and distributed seawater from the North Atlantic with a known, measured chlorinity. This sample was supplied to oceanographers to standardize the AgNOg solutions used to determine chlorinity in various laboratories. 

Distributions of DOC in the deep ocean. The x-axis is viewed in the context of the deep-ocean circulation, with formation in the North Atlantic, circulation around the Southern Ocean, and flow northward into the Indian and Pacific oceans. Source-. From Mansell, D. A. (2002) Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissoived Organic Matter, Academic Press, pp. 685-715. 

Ginoux P. Prospero J. and Torres O. (2002). Long-term simulation of dust distribution with the GOCART model Correlation with the North Atlantic Oscillation. In J.A. Lee and T.M. Zobeck (eds.), Proceedings of ICAR5/GCTE-SEN Joint Conference. International Center for Arid and Semiarid Lands Studies, Texas Tech. University, Lubbock, Texas, pp. 241-245. 

Figure 4.7. The mean vertical distribution of (a) alkalinity and (b) total CO2 concentration normalized to the mean world ocean salinity value of 34.78. NA = North Atlantic, SA = South Atlantic, NP = North Pacific, SP = South Pacific, NI = North Indian, SI = South Indian, and A A = Antarctic region. (After Takahashi etal., 1980b.)...

Morse J.W. and Cook N. (1978) The distribution of phosphorous in North Atlantic deep sea and continental slope sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 23, 825-830. 

Figure 16.2 Model-predicted latitudinal distribution in the North Atlantic Basin (a) estuarine denitrification (b) total nitrogen transport by rivers. (Modified from Seitzinger, 2000.)...

Phaeocystis colony distribution in the North Atlantic Ocean since 1948, and interpretation of long-term changes in the Phaeocystis hotspot in the North Sea... 

Abstract Monitoring of Phaeocystis since 1948 during the Continuous Plankton Recorder survey indicates that over the last 5.5 decades the distribution of its colonies in the North Atlantic Ocean was not restricted to neritic waters occurrence was also recorded in the open Atlantic regions sampled, most frequently in the spring. Apparently, environmental conditions in open ocean waters, also those far offshore, are suitable for complete lifecycle development of colonies (the only stage recorded in the survey). 

Fig. 1 (a) Standard areas of the continuous plankton recorder survey. (b)Distribution of Phaeocystis colonies over the North Atlantic and the North Sea over the years 1948-2003. Annual variations see Fig. 2... 

The distribution map of Phaeocystis presented here can hardly be improved, not even by ocean colour remote sensing the frequent cloud cover over the North Atlantic hinders satellite-borne observations, but not the CPR survey. Also, the pigment signature of Phaeocystis is not very specific (Antajan et al. 2004) so the absorption spectrum and therewith the light reflectance hardly differs from that of other fucoxanthin- and fucoxanthin-derivative-containing phytoplankton... 

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