North Atlantic Oscillations

Lopez-Moreno Jl, Beguera S, Vicente-Serrano SM, Garca-Ruiz JM (2007) Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on water resources in central Iberia Precipitation, streamflow anomalies, and reservoir management strategies. Water Resour Res 43 W09411... 

George DG, Maberly SC, Hewitt DP (2004) The influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of four lakes in the English Lake District. Freshw Biol 49 760-774... 

Straile D, Adrian R (2000) The North Atlantic Oscillation and plankton dynamics in two European lakes - two variations on a general theme. Global Change Biol 6 663-670... 

Cyclical phenomena, such as ENSO events, the North Atlantic Oscillation, the North Pacific Oscillation, and a phenomenon in the Southern Ocean called the Southern Annular Mode, have important impacts on the solubility pump. This was illustrated for the ENSO events in Figure 25.5b. These oscillations are all sensitive to global climate change. In the case of the Southern Ocean, the impact of climate change on circulation is complicated by the zonation associated with the polar and subpolar frontal boundaries (Figure 10.10). As a result, some parts of the Southern Ocean are expected to respond differently than others to changes in increases and meridional overturning circulation rates. 

Moulin, C., C. E. Lambert, F. Dulac, and U. Dayan, Control of Atmospheric Export of Dust from North Africa by the North Atlantic Oscillation, Nature, 387, 691-694 (1997). 

Hurrell, J. W., and H. Van Loon, Decadal Variations in Climate Associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation, Clim. Change, 36, 301-326 (1997). 

Ginoux P. Prospero J. and Torres O. (2002). Long-term simulation of dust distribution with the GOCART model Correlation with the North Atlantic Oscillation. In J.A. Lee and T.M. Zobeck (eds.), Proceedings of ICAR5/GCTE-SEN Joint Conference. International Center for Arid and Semiarid Lands Studies, Texas Tech. University, Lubbock, Texas, pp. 241-245. 

Hurrell J.W. (2005). The North Atlantic Oscillation Encyclopedia of World Climatology. In J.E. Oliver (ed.), Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 536-539. 

Hurrell J.W. Kushnir Y. Yisbeck M. and Ottersen G. (2003). The North Atlantic Oscillation Climate significance and environmental impacts. In J.W. Hurrell, Y. Kushnir, G. Ottersen, and M. Yisbeck (eds.), An Overview of the North Atlantic Oscillation, Geophysical Monograph Series. American Geophysical Union, Washington, 134, 1-35. 

North American Free Trade Agreement Northern Annual Mode North Atlantic Oscillation... 

These changes may be related to the two warm winters that occurred in 1998 and 1999, which could affect the balance between input of freshwater from the rivers and saline water from the Bosporus and the winter formation of the oxygen-rich CIL. These years are remarkable for the increase of the Sea surface temperature (Fig. 8), increase of temperature in the core of the CIL [82,85-87], and shoaling of the CIL in the density field [48]. All these events can be connected with the weather condition oscillations, as follows from North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) index behavior (Fig. 8). 

Drinkwater KF, Belgrano A, Borja A, Conversi A, Edwards M, Greene CH, Ottersoen G, Pershing AJ, Walker H (2003) The response of marine ecosystems to climate variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation climatic significance and environmental impact. Geophys Monogr 134 211-234 (Amer. Geo-phys. Union)... 

Fromentin JM, Planque B (1996) Calanus and environment in the eastern North Atlantic. II. Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on C. finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus. Mar Ecol Progr Ser 134 111-118... 

Hurrell J. W. (1995) Decadal trend in the North Atlantic Oscillation regional temperatures and precipitation. Science 269, 676-679. 

Monteith D. T., Evans C. D., and Reynolds B. (2000) Are temporal variations in the nitrate content of UK upland freshwaters linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation Hydrol. 

Cook, E.R., D Arrigo, R.D. and Briffa, K.R., 1998, A reconstruction of the North Atlantic Oscillation using tree ring chronologies from North America and Europe. The Holocene, v. 8, p. 9-19. 

Lamb, P.J. and Peppier, R.A., 1987, North Atlantic Oscillation concept and application. Bull Amer. Meteor. Soc., 68, 1218-1225. 

Frisia, S., Borsato, A., Preto, N. McDermott, F. (2003) Late Holocene annual growth in three Alpine stalagmites records the influence of solar activity and the North Atlantic Oscillation on winter climate. Earth and Planetary Science Letters... 

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