Land-use studies

Urban Plan Development. Once the land-use study is complete, urban planners evaluate the ways in which the land s present uses meet or fail to meet the needs of its businesses and inhabitants. Most urban planners are hired by officials from city and regional governments. These officials are hkely to bring in urban planners to help solve problems such as traffic congestion or economic sts nation. Because of this, an urban plan often focuses on the ways in which land use could be improved. Urban planners apply their professional knowledge about the best ways in which an area of a city can be designed. Planners also spend time with business owners and residents to... 

A land use study indicated that a reduction in agricultural liming may have been a major factor in the development of acid episodes and consequent fish kills in the River Esk and River Duddon. 

A pesticide manufacturing plant should prepare a hazard assessment and operability study and also prepare and implement an emergency preparedness and response plan that takes into account neighboring land use and the potential consequences of an emergency. Measures to avoid the release of harmful substances should be incorporated in the design, operation, maintenance, and management of the plant. Implementation of cleaner production processes and pollution prevention measures can yield both economic and environmental benefits. 

Several studies, based on models, examined the effects of land-use change on the global carbon cycle and conclude that there is a net release of carbon due to land clearing. However, the results and conclusions of these studies are based on assumed sizes of vegetation carbon pools which are inputs to the models. For example, Melillo et al. 24) concluded that boreal and temperate deciduous forests of the northern hemisphere are net sources of atmospheric carbon. Their analysis used values for carbon density derived by Whittaker and Likens 19) from work by Rodin and Bazilevich (27). Rodin and Bazilevich extrapolated results of small, unrelated studies in Europe and the USSR to estimate total biomass of Eurasian boreal and temperate deciduous forests. Their estimates have since been extrapolated to forests worldwide and are used often today. 

For the purposes of these field studies, a test system is defined as a specific tract of land managed in part through use of pesticides. Test systems are normally limited to one crop or land use type and may include row crops, grains, fruits or golf courses. The tract of land, of course, has associated biota that are present naturally or as part of the management practices. These biota are also part of the test system and are normally described as test species or species of interest. Selection of test systems is critical to evaluate wildlife exposure scenarios in a sufficient number of sites within appropriate geographic regions. 

Table I. PPLV Studies Related to Selected Land Uses...

Ripley S, Krzic M, Bradfield G, Bomke A. Land use impacts on selected soil properties of the Yungas/Chaco transition forest of Jujuy province, northwestern Argentina a preliminary study. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2010. 90 pp. 679-683. doi 10.4141/CJSS09101... 

Land use maps (Fig. 3) were provided by the CHE, for the years 1984, 1991 and 1995, at a 1 100,000 scale, and the land use cover of the year 1984 was selected as representative for the simulations referring to the control period (1961-1990). Table 1 shows the six major land use classes identified within the study area. Information on soil types provided by the Oficina de Planificacion Hidrologica (OPH) of CHE was used to assign the soil properties required by SWAT 2005. The original 136 lithological classes were first aggregated into 23 main classes, as... 

This study forms part of the Geochemical Atlas of Cyprus project, aimed at determining factors broad geological and land-use that control TC, TOC and TS in the soils of Cyprus. 

Studies of sediment from seven sampling stations in the Upper Rockaway River, New Jersey, showed that sediment quality correspondent to the land-use data for the area (Smith et al. 1987). The two upstream stations, which drain primarily forested areas of the Upper Rockaway Basin, had low mirex concentrations in the sediments (<0.1pg/kg). The remaining stations, which drained an area consisting of residential, commercial, and industrial land including six EPA Superfund sites, had mirex concentrations ranging from 8.2 to 80 pg/kg (ppb) (Smith et al. 1987). 

A habitat is defined as a place where organisms of a species are found periodically, whereas a biotope is a uniform and more or less bordered area which is the living space of a biocoenosis (ANL 1994). Agricultural land use generally interferes with wildlife habitats. However, the point of interest in this study is to identify differences between conventional and organic farming systems with reference to habitat diversity. 

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