NONRUMINANT FEEDS

Most poultry production, and a growing percentage of swiae production, takes place ia iatensive, confinement operations. Much of the poultry production is carried out under a system of vertical iategration ia which a producer hatches the chicks, grows them ia the producer s faciUties or ia contract facihties, provides the feed, processes the animals, and markets the product. This system of vertically iategrated production is not as common ia the swiae iadustry. 

Because of the simplicity of swiae and poultry feeds, most feed manufacturers add vitamins (qv) and trace minerals to ensure an adequate supply of essential nutrients. Amino acids (qv) such as methionine [7005-18-7] lysiae [56-87-17, threonine [36676-50-3] and tryptophan [6912-86-3], produced by chemical synthesis or by fermentation (qv), are used to fortify swiae and poultry diets. The use of these supplements to provide the essential amino acids permits diets with lower total cmde proteia coateat. 

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4th Edition) 

There is no best feed composition because animals thrive on diets composed of many different types of iagredients. Swiae and poultry generally adapt readily and rapidly to changes ia ingredient composition, as long as the diets provide adequate levels of essential nutrients. Tables 2 through 6 Hst information on the nutrient requirements of various types of swiae and poultry. 

Requirements of poultry for vitamin D are expressed ia iatematioaal chick units (ICU) which are based on the activity of vitamin in chick bioassays.  

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Feed(s). See also Animal feeds Nonruminant feeds Pet foods Ruminant feeds for aquaculture, 3 202-205 FCC unit, 11 705 for reforming, 25 167 silica in, 22 375... 

Feed Additive Compendium, 10 846 Feed additives. See Nonruminant feeds ... 

Nonrepairable components, in reliability modeling, 26 989 Nonruminant feeds, 10 836-847 additives to, 10 846 ingredients of, 10 837-838 swine and poultry nutrient requirements, 10 838-845 Nonselective catalytic reduction (NSCR), 10 101-102 17 184 19 626 Nonselective herbicides, 13 313 Nonselective poisoning, 5 258 Nonself-aligned (NSA) HBT fabrication, 22 167... 

COLORANTS FOR FOOD, DRUGS, COSMETICS AND MEDICALDEVICES] (Vol 6) [FEEDS AND FEED ADDITIVES - NONRUMINANT FEEDS] (Vol 10) [GROWTHREGULATIONS - PLANT] (Vol 12)... 

Acidulated soybean soapstock is the product obtained from the complete acidulation and thorough setting of soapstock, which itself is the by-product obtained from the alkali refining of soybean oil. It is sold on a basis of 95% total fatty acid content. If it falls below 85% total fatty acid content, it may be rejected. Typical analyses are TFAs, 90% moisture, 1% and iodine value 125. In practice, soybean soapstock may be found in combinations with other vegetable oil soapstocks. The buyer should determine if cottonseed soapstock is present, as it may contain gossypol, which is detrimental in nonruminant feeds. Physical properties are medium brown color odor somewhat typical of soybeans, slightly nutty solid when cool and liquid and pumpable at 38 14°C (100-110°F). It qualifies under AAFCO 33.3, IFN 4-17-893 (31). 

Animal feedstuffs (Table 2) are a natural by-product of vegetable oil manufacture because this latter results in a variety of residues such as palm fruit pulp fibre and Brazil nut or other kernel oil-cake. Most cellulosic fibre wastes can be converted by steam explosion (sudden release of steam pressure to separate lignin from cellulose) to a cellulose digestible by ruminants. The oil-cakes often have high protein and carbohydrate contents and can be used as a major component of nonruminant feeds. 

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