Nonionic with Builder

Add in the order listed, dissolving each ingredient completely using moderate agitation. Incorporate color and fragrance as needed. 

Liquid Laundry Detergents (Based on Added Value Surfactant Concentrates) 

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Structured laundry liquids are currently available in Europe and were recently introduced in the United States [50,51]. These products typically contain high levels of surfactants and builder salts, as well as enzymes and other additives. In the presence of high ionic strength, the combination of certain anionic and nonionic surfactants form lamellar liquid crystals. Under the microscope (electron microscope, freeze fracturing) these appear as round droplets with an onion-like, multilayered structure. Formation of these droplets or sperulites permits the incorporation of high levels of surfactants and builders in a pourable liquid form. Stability of the dispersion is enhanced by the addition of polymers that absorb onto the droplet surface to reduce aggregation. 

Phosphoric acid esters of polyoxyalkylenes of a high degree of alkoxylation still show many properties of the base products [37,38], Thus these products derived from nonionics are only mildly anionic. They have a better performance in such applications as institutional and industrial cleansers with a high percentage of alkaline builders. 

Stable liquid detergents are obtained by polyacetalcarboxylate builders, ionic or nonionic surfactants, and common ingredients of detergents. If esters of phosphoric acid are used as anionic surfactants a detergent of this kind with 62% of water retained a single phase after a 30-day storage [213]. 

BURCO FINISH 55 is used primarily in finishing baths for fabric stiffening. It is a very efficient and economical hand builder. It tends to produce a stiff, full leathery hand as opposed to the thin, crisp hand produced by polyvinyl alcohol and starch derivatives. Being nonionic in nature, it is highly compatible with a wide variety of resins, softeners, catalysts and other finishing bath components. 

STEROX DJ surfactant is an all-purpose surfactant with a generally lower degree of foaming compared to other alkylphenol-based nonionics. It is an extremely effective detergent at temperatures below 38C (100F) and can be compounded with phosphates and the usual detergent builders for a wide range of applications. 

Nonionic surfactants like alcohol ethoxylates demonstrate superior tolerance to hard water ions. This characteristic is especially useful in unstructured HDLD formulations because solubility constraints limit the amount of builder that can be incorporated. They also provide excellent cleaning benefits and are commonly used in conjunction with LAS in HDLD formulations [57,66], Studies have shown that in LAS-containing products, alcohol ethoxylates can lower the critical micelle concentration (Figure 8.8) as well as provide improvements in the detergency [66], Superior cleaning is observed, especially on oily soils such as sebum (body sweat) on polyester fabrics [67], The presence of alcohol ethoxylates... 

Macroemulsification For macroemulsification to be important, it is imperative that the interfacial tension between oily soil droplets and bath be low, so that emulsification can be accomplished with very little mechanical work. Here adsorption of surfactants at the oily soil-bath interface, with consequent lowering of the interfacial tensions, may play an important role. Emulsification was found to become a major factor when alkaline builders were added to a cleaning bath containing POE nonionic surfactant and the soil was mineral oil containing 5% oleic acid (Dillan, 1979). It is also involved in the suspension of liquefiable solid soil (Cox, 1987). 

Comparable results were obtained in formulations containing sodium silicate as a builder together with (M-5% sodium tripolyphosphate, using 250 ppm hard water and a bath temperature of 49°C (Illman, 1971). A nonionic surfactant prepared by polyoxyethylenation of a C12-15 alcohol mixture with 9-11 mol of ethylene oxide generally showed similar detergency to an anionic prepared by sulfation of a Ci2 i5 alcohol mixture previously polyoxyethylenated with 3 mol of ethylene oxide at all percentages of sodium tripolyphosphate, and both were considerably superior to a linear tridecylbenzenesulfonate and a sulfated C16-I8 alcohol mixture. The nonionic was somewhat better than the sulfated POE alcohol for removing nonpolar fatty soil from Dacron-cotton permapress, and the reverse was true for the removal of polar soil from Dacron-cotton permapress and carbon soil from cotton, but similar results for the two surfactants were obtained for clay removal from both Dacron-cotton permapress and cotton, and polar and nonpolar fatty soil from cotton. 

Uses Detergent builder sequestrant for water softening stabilizer in heavy-duty liq. formulations with nonionic surfactants anticalcium encrustation agent in dishwashes Manuf./Distrib. ABCR http //www.abcr.de] Acres Org. http //www.acros.be] Aldrich http //WWW. sigma-aldrich. com Trade Name Synonyms Gaftex S-95 flISP http //www.ispcorp.com]] Gaftex S-97 [ISP http //www.ispcorp. com]... 

Mild to the skin. Foam builder, thickener and emollient. Excellent foam stability in hard water, acidic and alkaline solutions. Compatible with nonionic, anionic and most cationic surfactants. 

Hild to the skin. Compatible with anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants. Excellent viscosity builder and gelling agent. Hard-water tolerance permits equally good foaming in hard and soft water. Stable in high-electrolyte solutions and will help solubilize other surfactants into these systems. Stable in acidic and alkaline conditions, functioning as cationic in acid media and as anionic in alkaline. Lime soap dispersant. 

Compatible with high concentrations of sodium hydroxide and silicate builders. Coupling agent for nonionic surfactants with liquid, alkali detergent systems. 

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