Laundry liquids

Most of the LAB sulfonic acid that is produced is neutralized to the Na+ salt. However, sulfonic acid can be neutralized with other bases to make different salts such as NH4+, TEA+ (triethanolamine), Mg2+, among others. In the latter 1970s, a major U.S. laundry liquid contained about 20-25% Mg(LAS)2 as the major active ingredient, along with a smaller amount of TEA+ salt of LAS [17]. This product was reported to be a very effective detergent on oily or greasy soils. 

VII. MIXED ACTIVE LAUNDRY LIQUIDS CONTAINING LAS A. LAS/AE Mixtures... 

Until the early 1980s, U.S. laundry liquid formulations contained combinations of LAS with AE (or even alkylphenol ethoxylate). Surfactant levels ranged from 20% to more than 40% active, and ratios ranged from high LAS/AE to low LAS/AE. Two examples of these laundry liquids are shown below. 

As the example indicates, these liquids contained a complex mixture of surfactant actives. The LAS used in these products was of higher molecular weight (C,2 5-i3 average carbon chain length) than previous laundry liquids. Typical LAS active levels were 12% or less, presumably due to solubility constraints. 

Structured laundry liquids are currently available in Europe and were recently introduced in the United States [50,51]. These products typically contain high levels of surfactants and builder salts, as well as enzymes and other additives. In the presence of high ionic strength, the combination of certain anionic and nonionic surfactants form lamellar liquid crystals. Under the microscope (electron microscope, freeze fracturing) these appear as round droplets with an onion-like, multilayered structure. Formation of these droplets or sperulites permits the incorporation of high levels of surfactants and builders in a pourable liquid form. Stability of the dispersion is enhanced by the addition of polymers that absorb onto the droplet surface to reduce aggregation. 

FIG. 21 Microscope photograph of LAS/AE structured laundry liquid. Polarized light, 200 x magnification. 

Other examples of concentrated laundry liquids have been described in the literature [53]. These might be called nonaqueous or low-water formulations. They may contain nonionic and anionic surfactants, inorganic builders, enzyme and bleach additives, and an organic solvent such as a low mole AE [54]. Surfactant levels may range from 30% up to 80%. In some cases, the builder salts are dispersed as solid particles in the non-aqueous phase [55]. 

GC-MS gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry HDL heavy-duty liquid or laundry liquid... 

Nonionic/Amphoteric Heavv-Dutv Laundry Liquid... 

Monionic/Amohoteric Heavv-Dutv Laundry Liquid Formula LY-0045... 

Heavy-Duty Liquids, Heavy-duty laundry liquids have gained much importance and much interest in the literature over the last few years. Products in the industry today include both built and nonbuilt heavy-duty liquids. Built heavy-duty liquids are those which contain a builder such as tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP) or sodium citrate in order to sequester calcium and magnesium hardness ions. Nonbuilt heavy-duty liquids contain no builders and make up for that shortage by considerably increased active contents in order to maintain performance(8-14). Built heavy-duty liquids can have either of the following types of formulations ... 

The combination of high solubility, low viscosity, high tolerance of electrolytes and good detergency makes ADPODS effective ingredients in laundry liquids. It is possible to formulate a liquid with a high level of soluble builders (sodium citrate or disilicate) which would... 

Bamier, R. et al.. Ultrafiltration treatment of laundry liquid wastes from a nuclear research centre, in Proceedings of the Int. Conf on Waste Management, Kyoto, 1989. 

Kichik, V.A. et al., Method for complex treatment of laundry liquid radioactive wastes by ultrafiltration. At. Energ., 63, 2, 130, 1987, (in Russian). 

Kravetz, L. Guin, K.F. Effect of surfactant structure on stability of enzymes formulated into laundry liquids. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 1985, 62 (5), 943-949. 

The physical form and appearance of laundry liquids can vary greatly between different regions of the world. These variations in liquid types from region to region are largely dictated by the laundry habits and personal choices of the... 

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