Nitrogen processes

Draper and Pollard [Science 109 448 1949] added 12% water, 0.1% aluminium (can also use zinc), and 0.05% NaHC03 to phenol, and distd at atmospheric pressure until the azeotrope was removed. The phenol was then distd at 25mm. Phenol has also been dried by distn from the benzene soln to remove the water- benzene azeotrope and the excess benzene, followed by distn of the phenol at reduced pressure under nitrogen. Processes such as this are probably adequate for analytical grade phenol which has as its main impurity water. Phenol has also been crystd from pet ether/ benzene or pet ether (b 40-60°). Purified material is stored in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5 or CaS04. 

Theoretical modeling provides strong evidence that most presolar silicon carbide grains come from 1.5 to 3 M stars. As discussed in Chapter 3, stellar modeling of the evolution of the CNO isotopes in the envelopes of these stars makes clear predictions about the 12C/13C, 14N/15N, 170/160,180/160 ratios as a star evolves. For example, in the envelopes of low- to intermediate-mass stars of solar composition, the 12C/13C ratio drops to 40 (from a starting value of 89), and 14N/15N increases by a factor of six as carbon and nitrogen processed by... 

Additional processes for the separation of pure nitrogen involve the use of cryogenics (Fig. 2), membranes (Fig. 3), or pressure-swing adsorption systems (Fig. 4). The use of any one of these processes either as a single adjunct or as a multiadjunct to the nitrogen process is known. 

Montagna, P.A. (1989) Nitrogen process studies (NIPS) the effects of freshwater inflow on benthos communities and dynamics. Final report to the Texas Water Development Board, Austin, TX. UT Marine Science Institute Technical Report No. TR/89-011. 

In some of the early nitrogen processes, atomic nitrogen, which is formed by ionizing molecular nitrogen with electrical discharges, was used. Atomic... 

A concise review of data relative to the photofixation of dinitrogen on transition metal oxides is presented. Analysis of data is focussed upon the nature and potential efectivenes of a process which can occur in nature on the surface of particular inorganic materials when exposed to direct sunlight. The significance of this process is discussed. Finally, some new and selected results are presented which outline particular mechanistic aspects of the photoassisted nitrogen process. 

Viral and autocatalysed mortality of key nitrogen-processing organisms... 

Virus infection of bacteria involved in nitrogen processing has been observed for decades (Adolph and Haselkom, 1973 Khudyakov, 1977 Mendzhul et al., 1991 Safferman et al., 1972), however it is only recently that the impHcated in releasing fixed nitrogen (Hewson et al., 2004 Ohki, 1999 Ohki and Fujita, 1996 Suttle,... 

Acetone (denoted as Ac) is partially condensed out of a gas stream containing 66.9 mole% acetone vapor and the balance nitrogen. Process specifications and material balance calculations lead to the flov/chart shown below. 

Most amino acid degradation takes place in tissues other than the liver. For instance, muscle uses amino acids as a source of fuel during prolonged exercise and fasting. How is the nitrogen processed in these other tissues As in the liver, the first step is the removal of the nitrogen from the amino acid. However, muscle lacks the enzymes of the urea cycle, so the nitrogen must be released in a form that can be absorbed by the liver and converted into urea. 

Fig. 8.15 shows the composite curves for UA= 1.12 MW/°C among the Pareto-optimal solutions in Fig. 8.12 and Fig. 8.14. The y-axis represents the temperature profiles of the hot nitrogen process stream being cooled from 30 °C to -144.5 °C, and of the cold nitrogen refrigerant stream the x-axis represents the heat load. It can be seen that there is a very good match of the composite curves with no indication of internal pinching.

Martin, J. F. and K. R. Reddy. 1997. Interaction and spatial distribution of wetland nitrogen processes. Ecol. Model. 105 1-21. 

Part III. The Air-Nitrogen Processes, J. M. Braham, Published as Trade Information Bulletin No. 240 (1924). Discusses commercial development, chemistry, costs, nature of products, and chances for improvement of various processes also the conversion of initial products into compounds suited to agricultural, military and industrial needs. 

Theberge, J. E. (1969), trade literature. Liquid Nitrogen Processing Co., Modern Plastics. Thirion, P., and Chasset, R. (1962), in Proc. 4th Rubber Technol. Conf, London, p. 338. Thomas, J. P. (1960), Report AD 287-826. 

However, the process has its limitations in that it combines phosphate and nitrogen processing. The advantage of being sulfur independent is counterbalanced by the need for carbon dioxide, which is normally obtained from an ammonia plant. 

The formation of melt-blown pitch webs is followed by stabilization in air and carbonization in nitrogen. Processes have been developed with isotropic pitches and with anisotropic mesophase pitches. The mesophase pitch-based and melt-blown discontinuous carbon fibers have a structure comprised of a large number of small domains, each domain having an average equivalent diameter from 0.03 to 1 mm, and a nearly unidirectional orientation of folded carbon layers assembled to form a mosaic structure on the cross section of the carbon fibers. The folded carbon layers of each domain are oriented at an angle to the direction of the folded carbon layers of the neighboring domains on the boundary. 

The initial process for creating plastic is very complex. Plastic is made from synthetic resins. The atoms that make up the molecules of synthetic resins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Process technicians make synthetic resins by combining chemical compounds such as ammonia, benzene, hexamethylenetetramine, or a variety of other hard-to-pronounce chemicals. The reaction that takes place creates synthetic links between molecules called monomers. 

LNP stands for Liquid Nitrogen Processing which was a name given to the Company in 1948, which became known in pulverizing heat-sensitive materials in liquid nitrogen. Later lines of currently produced brand name products such as Lubricomp and Thermocomp were introduced. In the beginning of 1980s most of currently produced materials were available and used in industry. 

Arkles, B. C. Bonnett, R. N. (Liquid Nitrogen Processing Corporation) Method for the Depolymerization of Polytetrafluoroethylene. US Patent 3,832,411, 1975. 

Liquid Nitrogen Processing Corporation Bulletin 225-1074, Malvern, PA, October... 

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