Pressure swing adsorption systems

Jiang, L., V.G. Fox, and L.T. Biegler, Simulation and optimal design of multi-Bed pressure swing adsorption systems, AIChE ]., 50, 2904-2917, 2004. 

Keefer, B.G. and D.G. Doman, Flow Regulated Pressure Swing Adsorption System, U.S. Patent No. RE38,493E, 2004. 

Bulletin 23-56c, Calgon Carbon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1986. White and Barkley, The Design of Pressure Swing Adsorption Systems, Chem. Eng. Prog., January 1989. 

Stewart and Hack (5.) have presented operating characteristics of pressure swing adsorption systems for reducing impurities in a hydrogen stream from 40 vol percent to 1 ppm. Impurities included ammonia, water, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and several hydrocarbons. In this study heatless adsorption is used to separate hydrogen sulfide-hydrogen mixtures and the experimental results are compared with theoretical models. 

Figure 2. Pressure-swing adsorption system using four beds...

Additional processes for the separation of pure nitrogen involve the use of cryogenics (Fig. 2), membranes (Fig. 3), or pressure-swing adsorption systems (Fig. 4). The use of any one of these processes either as a single adjunct or as a multiadjunct to the nitrogen process is known. 

FIGURE 10 Schematic diagram of a simple two-bed pressure swing adsorption system. 

FIGURE 11 Sequence of steps in a two-bed pressure swing adsorption system, (a) Skarstrom cycle, (b) modified cycle for production of nitrogen using a carbon molecular sieve adsorbent. 

Dr. T.L Thomas participated in the earliest research on adsorption/desorption kinetics, air separation, pressure swing adsorption systems, liquid phase separations, and ion exchange applications. He directed many of the application studies between 1955 and 1959. 

St Pierre J etal., 2001, Integrated Fuel Cell and Pressure Swing Adsorption System. WO 01/47050. 

An optimization framework of multibed pressure swing adsorption systems... 

An Optimization Framework of Multibed Pressure Swing Adsorption Systems... 

D. Nikolic, M.C. Georgiadis, E.S. Kikkinides, 2006, Modelling of multi-bed pressure swing adsorption systems, 17th European symposium on computer aided process engineering, Computer-aided chemical engineering, 24, 159. 

Hill, T.B., Hill, C.C., and Hansen, A.C. Rotary valve assembly for pressure swing adsorption system. U.S. Patent 6,311,719, 2001. 

Seider, W.D., Seader, J.D. and Lewin, D.R. (2004) Product Process Design Principles, Synthesis, Analysis and Evaluation, 2nd edn, John WUey Sons Inc. New York Knaebel, K.S. and Cussler, E.L. (1996) A novel pressure swing adsorption system for ammonia synthesis, in Fundamentals of Adsorption (ed. M.D. Le Van), Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York USA. 

The convergence behaviour of cyclically operated packed bed reactors is studied. Rather than converging to a steady state, a cyclic process approaches a periodic state. The determination of this periodic state by dynamic simulation techniques is computationsdiy inefficient. Several convergence accelerating techniques are studied and applied to fom pressure swing adsorption systems. A comparison is made with respect to CPU time. 

The focus of the present work is on convergence acceleration methods the pressure swing adsorption systems, which are all taken from literature, are mainly used to illustrate these methods. The example systems are all well documented and thoroughly studied. Here they are used to benchmark and, more importantly, to compare the acceleration methods. 

Nitrogen PSA performance has improved considerably in the last 20 years. Since 1980, the power consumption has dropped to a half and the productivity doubled, resulting in both smaller air compressors, and a reduction in the size of the units. These advances, which have allowed to commercialize pure pressure swing adsorption systems supplying nitrogen with purities higher than 99.999%, arise from two different areas molecular sieve developments and process improvements [24]. 

Calculators c4-8 through c4-10 are for an air-feed ozone system. For a more rigorous calculation (or for calculations for pressure swing adsorption, vacuum swing adsorption, and vacuum-pressure swing adsorption systems), refer to Ozone in Drinking Water Treatment (Rakness 2005). 

---