Nitrogen Haber-Bosch process

In the Haber-Bosch process, nitrogen is obtained from air and hydrogen from natural gas. The final product is liquid ammonia. The industrial operating conditions for the reaction are usually at a pressure in the range of 200 atm and temperatures between 400 and 500 °C. To increase the efficiency and speed of the reaction, a catalyst is normally added (iron catalyst). 

Ammonia, another well known cleaner, is also used to manufacture fertilizers, nitric acid, sodium carbonate (washing soda), explosives, nylon, and baking soda. Ammonia is produced by combining nitrogen gas (obtained from the air) and hydrogen gas (obtained from natural gas) in a process called the Haber-Bosch process ... 

Frank-Caro Also called the Cyanamide process. An early process for fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Lime and carbon were heated to produce calcium carbide this was reacted with nitrogen to give calcium cyanamide, which was hydrolyzed with steam to yield ammonia and calcium carbonate. Developed by A. Frank and N. Caro from 1895 at Dynamit, Germany, and used in Germany, Norway, and Italy until it was replaced by the Haber-Bosch process after World War I. 

Iron has a rich surface coordination chemistry that forms the basis of its important catalytic properties. There are many catalytic applications in which metallic iron or its oxides play a vital part, and the best known are associated with the synthesis of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen at high pressure (Haber-Bosch Process), and in hydrocarbon synthesis from CO/C02/hydrogen mixtures (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis). The surface species present in the former includes hydrides and nitrides as well as NH, NH2, and coordinated NH3 itself. Many intermediates have been proposed for hydrogenation of carbon oxides during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis that include growing hydrocarbon chains. 

Ammonia is produced from nitrogen and hydrogen at elevated temperature (500 to 550°C) and pressure (200-350 atm) (Haber-Bosch process), using a promoted iron catalyst... 

The nitrogen required is obtained by fractional distillation of liquid air.16 The hydrogen used to be obtained by electrolysis of liquid water if inexpensive surplus electrical capacity becomes available in the future, this method may well be reintroduced. Catalytic photolysis of water using sunlight is another possible future source of H2. The Haber-Bosch process of 1916 used water-gas, which is a mixture of H2, CO, and CO2 made by alternating blasts of steam and air over coke at red heat ... 

Haber process also known as the Haber-Bosch process, this industrial process uses nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) to produce NH3. 

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